Abstract

The review is devoted to the application of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF–SIMS) to the analysis of biological tissues and cells. The invention of cluster primary ions significantly improved the sensitivity, especially in the mass range above several hundred of Daltons, which opened up the study of lipids, amino acids, nucleic acids, metabolites, and drugs. As other methods based on the bombardment of sample surface with a particle beam, ToF–SIMS measurements are carried out under ultrahigh vacuum conditions, which makes sample preparation of biological materials a critical stage of the experiment. Several techniques have been developed for preparing single cells, cell cultures, and tissues for the analysis. Most of them are based on conventional techniques used in histology and cytology, including optical, electron, probe microscopy and electron probe microanalysis. However, the analytical features of ToF–SIMS make it necessary to adapt these techniques. A universal solution does not exist, and the main objective of this review was to systematize and compare the developed techniques of the sample preparation for ToF–SIMS. The effect of instrumental factors on the results of the ToF–SIMS analysis of biological samples was also reported.

中文翻译：

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飞行时间二次离子质谱分析的生物组织和细胞的样品制备

摘要

这篇综述专门介绍了飞行时间二次离子质谱（ToF–SIMS）在生物组织和细胞分析中的应用。簇状初级离子的发明显着提高了灵敏度，尤其是在数百道尔顿以上的质量范围内，这开启了对脂质，氨基酸，核酸，代谢产物和药物的研究。作为基于粒子束轰击样品表面的其他方法，ToF–SIMS测量是在超高真空条件下进行的，这使得生物材料的样品制备成为实验的关键阶段。已经开发了几种技术来制备用于分析的单细胞，细胞培养物和组织。它们大多数基于组织学和细胞学中使用的常规技术，包括光学，电子，探针显微镜和电子探针显微分析。但是，ToF–SIMS的分析功能使其必须适应这些技术。尚不存在通用的解决方案，因此本综述的主要目的是系统化和比较用于ToF–SIMS的样品前处理技术。还报告了仪器因素对生物样品的ToF–SIMS分析结果的影响。