Research on the determinants of scholarly productivity is flourishing, driven both by long-standing curiosity about its wide variation, and by recent concern over race and gender inequalities. Beyond standard structural and demographic determinants of research output, some studies point to the role of individual psychology. We contribute to scholarship on personality and productivity by showing not only that personality matters, but when and for whom. Using an original, representative study of faculty from one discipline, political science, we propose and test several hypotheses about the “Big Five” personality determinants of productivity, as gauged through counts of publications, H-index scores, and citations. Controlling for a large number of familiar determinants (e.g., race, gender, rank, and institutional incentives), we find that conscientiousness predicts productivity, but that its effects are conditioned by openness to experience. More precisely, we discover that these two personality traits have compensatory effects, such that openness to experience and conscientiousness each matter most in the absence of the other. In addition, personality has heterogeneous impacts on productivity across different contexts; conscientiousness more strongly affects scholarly output in research-oriented institutions, while collaboration reduces the penalty associated with lack of conscientiousness.

中文翻译：

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将个性置于语境中：研究生产力和政治学影响的决定因素

学术生产力决定因素的研究正在蓬勃发展，这既是由于对其广泛变化的长期好奇心以及最近对种族和性别不平等的担忧。除了研究产出的标准结构和人口决定因素之外，一些研究还指出了个体心理学的作用。我们不仅展示个性很重要，而且展示时间和对象，为个性和生产力的研究做出贡献。使用对政治学这门学科的教师进行的原创性、代表性研究，我们提出并检验了关于生产力的“五大”人格决定因素的几个假设，这些假设是通过出版物数量、H 指数分数和引用来衡量的。控制大量熟悉的决定因素（例如种族、性别、等级和制度激励），我们发现尽责性可以预测生产力，但其效果取决于对经验的开放性。更准确地说，我们发现这两种性格特征具有补偿效应，因此在缺乏其他人的情况下，对经验的开放性和尽责性最重要。此外，个性对不同环境下的生产力有不同的影响；尽责性对研究型机构的学术产出影响更大，而合作减少了与缺乏尽责性相关的惩罚。此外，个性对不同环境下的生产力有不同的影响；尽责性对研究型机构的学术产出影响更大，而合作减少了与缺乏尽责性相关的惩罚。此外，个性对不同环境下的生产力有不同的影响；尽责性对研究型机构的学术产出影响更大，而合作减少了与缺乏尽责性相关的惩罚。