This paper examines atmospheric concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm (PM10) and related particle-phase toxic heavy metals Cd, Ni, and Pb during domestic heating seasons from 2010 to 2019 in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. In total, 242 daily PM10 samples were collected using medium and high volume air samplers. The mean daily PM10 mass concentration for all measurements is 75.16 μg/m3 (with the range of 28.77–149.00 μg/m3). Variation of ambient PM10 was observed throughout the study in different years. Hourly values for PM10 measurements during two heating seasons are also presented. Metal concentrations in PM10 were analyzed by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Quantities of atmospheric mass concentrations of studied trace metals were observed in the following order: Pb > Ni > Cd. The mean concentrations of metals varied with Pb showing the highest concentration (ranging from 1.38 to 234.00 ng/m3), Ni ranging from 0.87 to 42.43 ng/m3, and Cd showing the lowest concentration ranging from 0.26 to 10.09 ng/m3. The concentration of Pb and Cd in PM10 was strongly correlated, suggesting a common source or dependence of these metals in PM10 in Sarajevo. Bioaccessibility of metals in the synthetic gastric juice was also estimated. The quantities of average bioaccessible metal fractions in PM10 samples showed the following trend: Cd > Pb > Ni. The health risk assessment shows that the population of Sarajevo is at increased lifetime risk of experiencing cancer because of exposure to these Cd concentrations in PM10. In addition, parallel PM10 sampling on two samplers showed that obtained results are highly comparable.

中文翻译：

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2010-2019年波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那萨拉热窝国内采暖季PM10、Pb、Cd、Ni大气浓度分析

本文研究了 2010 年至 2019 年波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那萨拉热窝的国内采暖季节空气动力学直径小于 10 μm 的颗粒物 (PM10) 和相关颗粒相有毒重金属 Cd、Ni 和 Pb 的大气浓度。使用中高容量空气采样器总共收集了 242 个每日 PM10 样本。所有测量的平均每日 PM10 质量浓度为 75.16 μg/m3（范围为 28.77–149.00 μg/m3）。在不同年份的整个研究中观察到环境 PM10 的变化。还提供了两个供暖季节 PM10 测量值的每小时值。PM10 中的金属浓度通过电热原子吸收光谱法 (ETAAS) 进行分析。研究的痕量金属的大气质量浓度按以下顺序观察： Pb > 镍 > 镉。金属的平均浓度随 Pb 显示最高浓度（范围为 1.38 至 234.00 ng/m3）、Ni 范围为 0.87 至 42.43 ng/m3 和 Cd 显示最低浓度范围为 0.26 至 10.09 ng/m3。PM10 中 Pb 和 Cd 的浓度密切相关，表明这些金属在萨拉热窝 PM10 中的共同来源或依赖性。还估计了合成胃液中金属的生物可及性。PM10 样品中平均生物可及金属部分的数量显示出以下趋势：Cd > Pb > Ni。健康风险评估表明，由于暴露于 PM10 中的这些 Cd 浓度，萨拉热窝人口一生患癌症的风险增加。此外，