The effect of exposure to 0·1 Hz–0·1 kHz pulsed magnetic fields on models of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cells was investigated. The possible alterations in the electrical characteristics of dead and alive bacteria cells were monitored by using dielectric spectroscopy. The dielectric dispersions of cells were obtained over the range 42 Hz–8 MHz by measuring their dielectric permittivity and conductivity. The acquired results indicated exposure enhancement and inhibition effects on both bacterial models in different frequency windows. The spectroscopy results for all bacterial cells indicated two sizeable dispersions in low- and high-frequency ranges (so-called α- and β-dispersions) due to different polarization mechanisms. Remarkable variations in the dielectric relaxations were observed due to exposure as a result of possible alterations in the counterion clouds and ionic membrane permeability, plasma and cell wall charge residues. In conclusion, both bacterial models demonstrated considerable response to exposure, resulting in a significant electrochange in the cell membrane/wall structure. Moreover, by performing dielectric spectroscopy, it is possible to distinguish between normal and abnormal cells. It is worth mentioning that the observed results can be achieved when using resonance frequencies outside the range used in the study.

中文翻译：

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脉冲磁场暴露导致细菌介电特性的变化

研究了暴露于0·1 Hz–0·1 kHz脉冲磁场对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌细胞模型的影响。死细胞和活细菌细胞的电特性可能发生的变化通过使用介电光谱法进行监测。通过测量介电常数和电导率，可以在42 Hz–8 MHz的范围内获得电池的介电色散。获得的结果表明在不同频率窗口中两种细菌模型的暴露增强和抑制作用。所有细菌细胞的光谱结果表明，由于极化机制不同，在低频和高频范围内有两个相当大的分散体（所谓的α和β分散体）。由于抗衡离子云和离子膜通透性，血浆和细胞壁电荷残留可能发生变化，因此暴露导致介电弛豫发生显着变化。总之，两种细菌模型均显示出对暴露的显着响应，从而导致细胞膜/壁结构发生明显的电变化。此外，通过进行介电谱，可以区分正常细胞和异常细胞。值得一提的是，使用超出研究范围的共振频率可以获得观察到的结果。导致细胞膜/壁结构发生明显的电变化。此外，通过进行介电谱，可以区分正常细胞和异常细胞。值得一提的是，使用超出研究范围的共振频率可以获得观察到的结果。导致细胞膜/壁结构发生明显的电变化。此外，通过进行介电谱，可以区分正常细胞和异常细胞。值得一提的是，使用超出研究范围的共振频率可以获得观察到的结果。