In general, Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) is integrated to grid through a DC-DC converter and Voltage Source Converter (VSC) for real power injection (called two-stage conversion). In view of efficiency point, the single-stage conversion becomes popular and in which Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of SPV and real power injection are achieved with VSC alone. But, if Battery Energy Storage (BES) supported by bidirectional DC-DC converter is presented in the single-stage conversion system, then co-ordination between DC-DC converter and VSC is required to achieve simultaneous operation of MPPT and real power injection. In this paper, a co-ordinated control of single-stage grid connected SPV and BES system is proposed along with energy management. In which, the algorithm coordinates VSC and bidirectional DC-DC converter based on the State of Charge (SoC) of the battery such that MPPT and power injection is achieved simultaneously. The proposed method not only injecting real power, but also works to compensate load reactive power and unbalanced neutral current minimization. Further, an active rectification operation during non-SPV hours is discussed for better utilization of VSC capacity. The multi-functional features of the proposed method are explained using simulation studies and are also validated through experimental studies.

中文翻译：

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单阶段并网太阳能光伏和BES系统的能源管理与控制

通常，太阳能光伏（SPV）通过DC-DC转换器和电压源转换器（VSC）集成到电网中，以进行有功功率注入（称为两阶段转换）。考虑到效率点，单级转换变得很流行，其中仅通过VSC即可实现SPV的最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）和有功功率注入。但是，如果在单级转换系统中提供了双向DC-DC转换器支持的电池能量存储（BES），则需要DC-DC转换器和VSC之间的协调，以实现MPPT和有功功率注入的同时运行。本文提出了单级并网的SPV和BES系统的协调控制以及能源管理。在其中 该算法根据电池的充电状态（SoC）协调VSC和双向DC-DC转换器，以便同时实现MPPT和功率注入。所提出的方法不仅注入有功功率，而且还可以补偿负载无功功率和使不平衡中性线电流最小化。此外，为了更好地利用VSC容量，还讨论了非SPV小时内的主动整流操作。拟议方法的多功能功能通过仿真研究进行了解释，并通过实验研究得到了验证。为了更好地利用VSC容量，讨论了非SPV时段的主动整流操作。拟议方法的多功能功能通过仿真研究进行了解释，并通过实验研究得到了验证。为了更好地利用VSC容量，讨论了非SPV时段的主动整流操作。拟议方法的多功能功能通过仿真研究进行了解释，并通过实验研究得到了验证。