A measure of similarity of educational items has many applications in adaptive learning systems and can be useful also for teachers and content creators. We provide a thorough overview of approaches for measuring item similarity. We document the computation pipeline, explicitly highlighting many choices that have to be made in order to quantify item similarity. We also discuss methods for the analysis of similarity measures. For illustration and evaluation, we consider items from diverse domains, e.g., mathematics, programming, and language learning. Although there is no ultimate, universal approach to measuring item similarity, our overview leads to guidelines that facilitate computation of item similarity in practical applications.

中文翻译：

---

衡量教育项目的相似性：概述

衡量教育项目相似度的方法在适应性学习系统中有许多应用，并且对于教师和内容创建者也可能有用。我们对测量项目相似度的方法进行了全面概述。我们记录了计算管道，明确强调了为量化项目相似性而必须做出的许多选择。我们还将讨论相似性度量的分析方法。为了进行说明和评估，我们考虑了来自不同领域的项目，例如数学，编程和语言学习。尽管没有最终通用的度量项目相似性的方法，但我们的概述提出了一些指南，可促进实际应用中项目相似度的计算。