In multicast communication scenario, the desired users are decomposed into M groups to receive private M useful data from the transmitter, while eavesdroppers (Eves) group tries to intercept. Since wireless security system consists of authentication and secure transmission, we propose directional modulation (DM) artificial noise (AN) matrix-aided Costas sequence (CS) matrix frequency diverse array (FDA) in multicast precoding systems in this paper. Specifically, we utilize the CS matrix for desired groups authentication (i.e., group identity), and it is shared via a low-speed forward link in advance. Next, we design AN matrix-aided FDA to offer robust antieavesdropping method based on leakage concept. Furthermore, we devise secrecy metrics, namely, secrecy outage probability (SOP), asymptotic Eve’s detectability error probability, and average useful data leakage rate, based on the scenario where Eve’s instantaneous channel state information (CSI) is unavailable. In addition, we numerically analyze the proposed energy beamforming focusing and evaluate the secrecy energy efficiency. Via simulation results, the proposed scheme gives important insights into how to design and measure secrecy performances in multicast scenarios.

中文翻译：

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组播通信场景的认证和保密性：人工噪声辅助的Costas序列矩阵FDA方法

在多播通信方案中，将所需的用户分解为M个组以接收私有M来自窃听器的有用数据，而窃听者（Eves）组尝试拦截。由于无线安全系统由认证和安全传输组成，因此在多播预编码系统中，我们提出了定向调制（DM）人工噪声（AN）矩阵辅助的Costas序列（CS）矩阵频率可变阵列（FDA）。具体而言，我们将CS矩阵用于所需的组身份验证（即组身份），并预先通过低速前向链路进行共享。接下来，我们设计一种基于矩阵的FDA来提供基于泄漏概念的可靠的防窃听方法。此外，我们设计了保密指标，即保密中断概率（SOP），渐近Eve的可检测性错误概率以及平均有用数据泄漏率，基于Eve的瞬时通道状态信息（CSI）不可用的情况。此外，我们对提出的能量波束形成聚焦进行了数值分析，并评估了保密能量效率。通过仿真结果，该方案为如何设计和测量多播场景下的保密性能提供了重要的见识。