The occurrence of multiple critical slip surfaces with equal importance in rehabilitating and reinforcing slopes has been frequently observed in geotechnical engineering practices. The simultaneous determination of these potential slip surfaces is, however, not trivial. This paper presents a methodology based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) approach, which can simultaneously determine multiple failure slip surfaces and the debris flow process without previous knowledge or trial-and-error processes, and this methodology is validated against a slope with the presence of multiple critical slip surfaces. The proposed methodology serves as an efficient and effective alternative approach to traditional approaches, which involve cumbersome treatments performed by engineers based on their subjective experiences. The multiple sources of failure slip surfaces in slope stability are equivalent to multiple sources of initiation of slope failure, and it is found that SPH can provide a direct and systematic tool for identifying multiple failure slip surfaces. However, some minor potential problems are also found with the use of the SPH method in actual applications.

中文翻译：

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基于无网格SPH算法的边坡稳定性问题中多个失效滑面的定位

在岩土工程实践中经常观察到在修复和加固斜坡中具有同等重要性的多个临界滑动面的出现。然而，同时确定这些潜在的滑动面并非易事。本文提出了一种基于平滑粒子流体动力学（SPH）方法的方法，该方法可以同时确定多个失效滑移面和泥石流过程，而无需事先了解或反复试验，并且针对具有存在多个关键滑移面。所提出的方法是传统方法的有效替代方法，传统方法涉及工程师根据主观经验进行的繁琐处理。边坡稳定性中的多个破坏滑动面源与多个边坡破坏的始发源等效，并且发现SPH可以为识别多个破坏滑动面提供直接而系统的工具。但是，在实际应用中使用SPH方法也会发现一些较小的潜在问题。