Structural coloration, which is based on spectrally selective scattering from optical structures, has recently attracted wide attention as a replacement of pigment colors based on the selective light absorption in chemical structures. Structural colors can be produced from transparent non-toxic materials and provide high stability under solar radiation. To provide angle independent non-iridescent colors, the structure should combine spectral selectivity with an isotropic response. Photonic glass (PhG), a disordered arrangement of monodisperse spheres, is a versatile structure to achieve that, which provides isotropic spectral selectivity via short-range order and Mie resonances. However, conventional PhGs show low color purity that hinders their future application. The interplay of single-particle scattering, short-range order, broadband absorption, and Fresnel reflection is a route to improve the color. In this perspective, we review the field of PhG based structural colors and discuss the physical mechanism behind the color generation by several established theories. We point out the current challenges in the theory and possible directions to improve color purity.

中文翻译：

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光子玻璃基结构色

基于基于光学结构的光谱选择性散射的结构着色，近来作为基于化学结构中选择性光吸收的颜料颜色的替代而引起广泛关注。结构颜色可由透明的无毒材料制成，并在日光照射下具有很高的稳定性。为了提供与角度无关的非虹彩颜色，该结构应将光谱选择性与各向同性响应相结合。光子玻璃（PhG）是一种无序排列的单分散球体，是一种通用的结构，可以通过短程有序和Mie共振提供各向同性的光谱选择性。但是，传统的PhG显示出较低的色纯度，这阻碍了它们的未来应用。单粒子散射，短程有序，宽带吸收和菲涅耳反射是改善色彩的途径。从这个角度出发，我们回顾了基于PhG的结构色的领域，并通过几种已建立的理论讨论了颜色生成背后的物理机制。我们指出了当前理论上的挑战以及提高色彩纯度的可能方向。