Abstract

With increasing building airtightness, the design of an adequate ventilation system gains importance. The first generation of ventilation systems, based on continuous supply of the nominal airflow rate, are now being replaced by demand controlled ventilation (DCV). These systems, often H₂O and/or CO₂ controlled, typically do not take into account the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the indoor environment. A small, airtight, zero energy building that has been designed as the Belgian submission to the international Solar Decathlon competition (2011) was rebuilt afterwards in Ostend, Belgium. This building will be used as test facility for the development and validation of a holistic VOC source model. In this study, results are obtained from thermal, airflow and contaminant simulation models of the test facility to check the potential of this facility for research concerning VOCs. The different models and modeling assumptions are discussed. A dynamic VOC source model, derived from literature, is used as proxy to obtain possible VOC concentrations. The results show an important influence of temperature and humidity on the indoor VOC levels with VOC concentrations exceeding health guidelines. It is therefore important to design DCV systems and controls taking into account possible elevated VOC levels and while doing so, incorporate the dynamic behavior (influence of temperature and humidity) of the VOC emissions.

摘要

随着建筑气密性的提高，设计合适的通风系统变得越来越重要。第一代通风系统基于标称气流速率的连续供应，现在正被需求控制通风 (DCV) 所取代。这些系统，通常是 H ₂ O 和/或 CO ₂受控，通常不考虑挥发性有机化合物 (VOC) 向室内环境的排放。后来在比利时奥斯坦德重建了一座小型、密闭、零能耗建筑，该建筑被设计为比利时向国际太阳能十项全能竞赛（2011 年）提交的参赛作品。该建筑将用作开发和验证整体 VOC 源模型的测试设施。在这项研究中，结果是从测试设施的热、气流和污染物模拟模型中获得的，以检查该设施在 VOC 研究方面的潜力。讨论了不同的模型和建模假设。源自文献的动态 VOC 源模型用作代理以获得可能的 VOC 浓度。结果表明，温度和湿度对室内 VOC 水平有重要影响，VOC 浓度超过健康指南。因此，设计 DCV 系统和控制时必须考虑可能升高的 VOC 水平，并在此过程中考虑 VOC 排放的动态行为（温度和湿度的影响）。