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Closed-Loop Frontal Midlineθ Neurofeedback: A Novel Approach for Training Focused-Attention Meditation
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 , DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00246 Tracy Brandmeyer 1, 2, 3 , Arnaud Delorme 2, 3, 4
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ( IF 2.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 , DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00246 Tracy Brandmeyer 1, 2, 3 , Arnaud Delorme 2, 3, 4
Affiliation
Cortical oscillations serve as an index of both sensory and cognitive processes and represent one of the most promising candidates for training and targeting the top-down mechanisms underlying executive functions. Research findings suggest that theta (θ) oscillations (3–7 Hz) recorded over frontal-midline electrodes are broadly associated with a number of higher-order cognitive processes and may serve as the mechanistic backbone for cognitive control. Frontal-midline theta (FMθ) oscillations have also been shown to inversely correlate with activity in the default mode network (DMN), a network in the brain linked to spontaneous thought processes such as mind-wandering and rumination. In line with these findings, we previously observed increased FMθ oscillations in expert meditation practitioners during reported periods of focused-attention meditation practice when compared to periods of mind-wandering. In an effort to narrow the explanatory gap by directly connecting observed neurophysiological activity in the brain to the phenomenological nature of reported experience, we designed a methodologically novel and adaptive neurofeedback protocol with the aim of modulating FMθ while having meditation novice participants implement breath-focus strategies derived from focused-attention mediation practices. Participants who received eight sessions of the adaptive FMθ-meditation neurofeedback protocol were able to significantly modulate FMθ over frontal electrodes using focused-attention meditation strategies relative to their baseline by the end of the training and demonstrated significantly faster reaction times on correct trials during the n-back working memory task assessed before and after the FMθ-meditation neurofeedback protocol. No significant differences in frontal theta activity or behavior were observed in the active control participants who received age and gender matched sham neurofeedback. These findings help lay the groundwork for the development of brain training protocols and neurofeedback applications that aim to train features of the mental states and traits associated with focused-attention meditation.
中文翻译:
闭环正面中线θ神经反馈:一种训练集中注意力冥想的新方法
皮质振荡作为感觉和认知过程的指标,代表了最有希望的候选者之一,用于训练和瞄准执行功能的自上而下机制。研究结果表明,在额中线电极上记录的 theta (θ) 振荡 (3–7 Hz) 与许多高阶认知过程广泛相关,并可作为认知控制的机械支柱。额中线 theta (FMθ) 振荡也被证明与默认模式网络 (DMN) 中的活动呈负相关,默认模式网络 (DMN) 是大脑中与自发思维过程(如走神和沉思)相关的网络。根据这些发现,我们之前观察到,与走神期间相比,在集中注意力冥想练习期间,专业冥想练习者的 FMθ 振荡增加。为了通过将大脑中观察到的神经生理活动与所报告体验的现象学性质直接联系来缩小解释差距,我们设计了一种方法论新颖且自适应的神经反馈协议,目的是在让冥想新手参与者实施呼吸聚焦策略的同时调节 FMθ源自集中注意力的调解实践。接受八次自适应 FMθ 冥想神经反馈协议的参与者能够在训练结束时使用相对于他们的基线的专注冥想策略显着调节额叶电极上的 FMθ,并且在 n 期间的正确试验中表现出明显更快的反应时间- 在 FMθ 冥想神经反馈协议之前和之后评估的工作记忆任务。在接受年龄和性别匹配的假神经反馈的主动控制参与者中,没有观察到额叶 theta 活动或行为的显着差异。这些发现有助于为大脑训练协议和神经反馈应用程序的开发奠定基础,这些应用程序旨在训练与集中注意力冥想相关的精神状态和特征的特征。
更新日期:2020-06-30
中文翻译:
闭环正面中线θ神经反馈:一种训练集中注意力冥想的新方法
皮质振荡作为感觉和认知过程的指标,代表了最有希望的候选者之一,用于训练和瞄准执行功能的自上而下机制。研究结果表明,在额中线电极上记录的 theta (θ) 振荡 (3–7 Hz) 与许多高阶认知过程广泛相关,并可作为认知控制的机械支柱。额中线 theta (FMθ) 振荡也被证明与默认模式网络 (DMN) 中的活动呈负相关,默认模式网络 (DMN) 是大脑中与自发思维过程(如走神和沉思)相关的网络。根据这些发现,我们之前观察到,与走神期间相比,在集中注意力冥想练习期间,专业冥想练习者的 FMθ 振荡增加。为了通过将大脑中观察到的神经生理活动与所报告体验的现象学性质直接联系来缩小解释差距,我们设计了一种方法论新颖且自适应的神经反馈协议,目的是在让冥想新手参与者实施呼吸聚焦策略的同时调节 FMθ源自集中注意力的调解实践。接受八次自适应 FMθ 冥想神经反馈协议的参与者能够在训练结束时使用相对于他们的基线的专注冥想策略显着调节额叶电极上的 FMθ,并且在 n 期间的正确试验中表现出明显更快的反应时间- 在 FMθ 冥想神经反馈协议之前和之后评估的工作记忆任务。在接受年龄和性别匹配的假神经反馈的主动控制参与者中,没有观察到额叶 theta 活动或行为的显着差异。这些发现有助于为大脑训练协议和神经反馈应用程序的开发奠定基础,这些应用程序旨在训练与集中注意力冥想相关的精神状态和特征的特征。