Anterior open bite (AOB) is related to functional alterations of the stomatognathic system. There are no studies concerning brain activation of the cortex comparing children with and without AOB during rest and activities such as deglutition and phonation. The aim of this study was to determine the activity of the brain cortex of children with AOB at rest and during phonation and deglutition and to evaluate the association of intelligence quotient (IQ), attention (Test of Variables of Attention, known as TOVA), beats per minute (BPM), and oxygen saturation measurement (SpO2) with brain activity in subjects with AOB. Fourteen children (seven with AOB and seven without AOB) with mixed dentition, aged 10–13 years, underwent an IQ test, TOVA, SpO2, and quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG). Electrodes were set in the scalp, according to the 10–20 protocol. Data were analyzed using statistical tests to assess comparisons between children with and without AOB. The results showed that IQ, TOVA, SpO2, or BPM did not show any statistically significant differences between the groups, except for the response time (contained in TOVA) (p = 0.03). Significant differences were found for the brain activity during rest (Condition 1) of the tongue, between children with and without AOB (p < 0.05 for alpha/theta and alpha peaks), whereas there were no differences during function (Condition 2). The findings of this investigation provide insights about the cortex activity of the brain while the tongue is in the resting position in children with AOB. This may imply an altered activity of the brain cortex, which should be considered when diagnosing and treating AOB. Other diagnostic techniques derived from investigations based on neuroscience could develop new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques to give better solutions to children with malocclusions. Treatments should be focused not only on the teeth but also on the brain cortex.

中文翻译：

---

前部开放性咬合儿童的大脑皮层活动：一项初步研究

前开口咬合 (AOB) 与口颌系统的功能改变有关。没有关于大脑皮层激活的研究，比较在休息和活动（如吞咽和发声）期间有和没有 AOB 的儿童。本研究的目的是确定 AOB 儿童在休息和发声和吞咽期间大脑皮层的活动，并评估智商 (IQ)、注意力（注意力变量测试，称为 TOVA）、 AOB 受试者的每分钟心跳次数 (BPM) 和氧饱和度测量 (SpO2) 与大脑活动。14 名年龄在 10-13 岁的混合牙列儿童（7 名有 AOB，7 名没有 AOB）接受了 IQ 测试、TOVA、SpO2 和定量脑电图 (QEEG)。电极设置在头皮上，根据 10-20 协议。使用统计测试分析数据以评估有和没有 AOB 的儿童之间的比较。结果显示，除了响应时间（包含在 TOVA 中）（p = 0.03）外，IQ、TOVA、SpO2 或 BPM 没有显示出任何组间具有统计学意义的差异。发现舌头休息期间（条件 1）的大脑活动在有和没有 AOB 的儿童之间存在显着差异（α/θ 和 α 峰的 p < 0.05），而在功能期间没有差异（条件 2）。这项调查的结果提供了有关 AOB 儿童舌头处于静止位置时大脑皮层活动的见解。这可能意味着大脑皮层活动的改变，在诊断和治疗 AOB 时应该考虑到这一点。来自基于神经科学的调查的其他诊断技术可以开发新的诊断和治疗技术，为患有错牙合的儿童提供更好的解决方案。治疗不仅应该集中在牙齿上，还应该集中在大脑皮层上。