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Road Profile Estimation Using a 3D Sensor and Intelligent Vehicle.
Sensors ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 , DOI: 10.3390/s20133676
Tao Ni 1, 2 , Wenhang Li 1 , Dingxuan Zhao 2 , Zhifei Kong 1
Affiliation  

Autonomous vehicles can achieve accurate localization and real-time road information perception using sensors such as global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs), light detection and ranging (LiDAR), and inertial measurement units (IMUs). With road information, vehicles can navigate autonomously to a given position without traffic accidents. However, most of the research on autonomous vehicles has paid little attention to road profile information, which is a significant reference for vehicles driving on uneven terrain. Most vehicles experience violent vibrations when driving on uneven terrain, which reduce the accuracy and stability of data obtained by LiDAR and IMUs. Vehicles with an active suspension system, on the other hand, can maintain stability on uneven roads, which further guarantees sensor accuracy. In this paper, we propose a novel method for road profile estimation using LiDAR and vehicles with an active suspension system. In the former, 3D laser scanners, IMU, and GPS were used to obtain accurate pose information and real-time cloud data points, which were added to an elevation map. In the latter, the elevation map was further processed by a Kalman filter algorithm to fuse multiple cloud data points at the same cell of the map. The model predictive control (MPC) method is proposed to control the active suspension system to maintain vehicle stability, thus further reducing drifts of LiDAR and IMU data. The proposed method was carried out in outdoor environments, and the experiment results demonstrated its accuracy and effectiveness.

中文翻译:

使用3D传感器和智能车辆进行道路轮廓估计。

自主车辆可以使用传感器(例如全球导航卫星系统(GNSS),光检测和测距(LiDAR)和惯性测量单元(IMU))实现准确的定位和实时道路信息感知。利用道路信息,车辆可以自动导航到给定位置,而不会发生交通事故。然而,大多数关于自动驾驶汽车的研究很少关注道路轮廓信息,这对于在不平坦地形上行驶的汽车具有重要的参考意义。大多数车辆在崎uneven不平的地面上行驶时都会经历剧烈的振动,从而降低了LiDAR和IMU获得的数据的准确性和稳定性。另一方面,带有主动悬架系统的车辆可以在崎uneven不平的道路上保持稳定,从而进一步保证了传感器的准确性。在本文中,我们提出了一种使用LiDAR和具有主动悬架系统的车辆进行道路轮廓估计的新方法。在前者中,使用3D激光扫描仪,IMU和GPS来获取准确的姿态信息和实时云数据点,并将其添加到高程图中。在后者中,高程图由卡尔曼滤波算法进一步处理,以在图的同一像元处融合多个云数据点。提出了一种模型预测控制(MPC)方法来控制主动悬架系统以保持车辆的稳定性,从而进一步减少LiDAR和IMU数据的漂移。该方法在室外环境下进行,实验结果证明了该方法的准确性和有效性。IMU和GPS用于获取准确的姿态信息和实时云数据点,这些信息已添加到海拔地图中。在后者中,高程图由卡尔曼滤波算法进一步处理,以在图的同一像元处融合多个云数据点。提出了一种模型预测控制(MPC)方法来控制主动悬架系统以保持车辆的稳定性,从而进一步减少LiDAR和IMU数据的漂移。该方法在室外环境下进行,实验结果证明了该方法的准确性和有效性。IMU和GPS用于获取准确的姿态信息和实时云数据点,这些信息已添加到海拔地图中。在后者中,高程图由卡尔曼滤波算法进一步处理,以在图的同一像元处融合多个云数据点。提出了模型预测控制(MPC)方法来控制主动悬架系统以保持车辆稳定性,从而进一步减少LiDAR和IMU数据的漂移。该方法在室外环境下进行,实验结果证明了该方法的准确性和有效性。高程图通过卡尔曼滤波算法进一步处理,以在图的同一像元处融合多个云数据点。提出了模型预测控制(MPC)方法来控制主动悬架系统以保持车辆稳定性,从而进一步减少LiDAR和IMU数据的漂移。该方法在室外环境下进行,实验结果证明了该方法的准确性和有效性。高程图通过卡尔曼滤波算法进一步处理,以在图的同一像元上融合多个云数据点。提出了模型预测控制(MPC)方法来控制主动悬架系统以保持车辆稳定性,从而进一步减少LiDAR和IMU数据的漂移。该方法在室外环境下进行,实验结果证明了该方法的准确性和有效性。
更新日期:2020-06-30
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