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Dependent-Gaussian-Process-Based Learning of Joint Torques Using Wearable Smart Shoes for Exoskeleton.
Sensors ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 , DOI: 10.3390/s20133685
Jiantao Yang 1 , Yuehong Yin 1
Affiliation  

Estimating the joint torques of lower limbs in human gait is a highly challenging task and of great significance in developing high-level controllers for lower-limb exoskeletons. This paper presents a dependent Gaussian process (DGP)-based learning algorithm for joint-torque estimations with measurements from wearable smart shoes. The DGP was established to perform data fusion, and serves as the mathematical foundation to explore the correlations between joint kinematics and joint torques that are embedded deeply in the data. As joint kinematics are used in the training phase rather than the prediction process, the DGP model can realize accurate predictions in outdoor activities by using only the smart shoe, which is low-cost, nonintrusive for human gait, and comfortable to wearers. The design methodology of dynamic specific kernel functions is presented in accordance to prior knowledge of the measured signals. The designed composite kernel functions can be used to model multiple features at different scales, and cope with the temporal evolution of human gait. The statistical nature of the proposed DGP model and the composite kernel functions offer superior flexibility for time-varying gait-pattern learning, and enable accurate joint-torque estimations. Experiments were conducted with five subjects, whose results showed that it is possible to estimate joint torques under different trained and untrained speed levels. Comparisons were made between the proposed DGP and Gaussian process (GP) models. Obvious improvements were achieved when all DGP r2 values were higher than those of GP.

中文翻译:

使用基于可穿戴智能外骨骼的运动鞋的基于高斯过程的关节扭矩学习。

估计步态下肢的关节扭矩是一项极富挑战性的任务,对于开发用于下肢外骨骼的高级控制器具有重要意义。本文提出了一种基于高斯过程(DGP)的学习算法,用于通过可穿戴智能鞋的测量进行关节扭矩估算。DGP的建立是为了执行数据融合,并为探索关节运动学和深深嵌入数据中的关节扭矩之间的相关性提供了数学基础。由于在训练阶段而不是在预测过程中使用联合运动学,因此DGP模型可以仅使用智能鞋即可实现户外活动中的准确预测,该智能鞋成本低,对人的步态无干扰且对穿着者舒适。根据测量信号的先验知识,提出了动态特定内核功能的设计方法。设计的复合内核函数可用于对不同尺度的多个特征进行建模,并应对人类步态的时间演变。所提出的DGP模型的统计性质和复合核函数为随时间变化的步态模式学习提供了卓越的灵活性,并实现了精确的联合扭矩估计。对五个对象进行了实验,他们的结果表明可以估计不同训练和未训练速度水平下的关节扭矩。在建议的DGP模型和高斯过程(GP)模型之间进行了比较。所有DGP都取得了明显的改进 设计的复合内核函数可用于对不同尺度的多个特征进行建模,并应对人类步态的时间演变。所提出的DGP模型的统计性质和复合核函数为随时间变化的步态模式学习提供了卓越的灵活性,并实现了精确的联合扭矩估计。对五个对象进行了实验,其结果表明,可以估计不同训练和未训练速度水平下的关节扭矩。在建议的DGP模型和高斯过程(GP)模型之间进行了比较。所有DGP都取得了明显的改进 设计的复合内核函数可用于对不同尺度的多个特征进行建模,并应对人类步态的时间演变。所提出的DGP模型的统计性质和复合核函数为随时间变化的步态模式学习提供了卓越的灵活性,并实现了精确的联合扭矩估计。对五个对象进行了实验,他们的结果表明可以估计不同训练和未训练速度水平下的关节扭矩。在建议的DGP模型和高斯过程(GP)模型之间进行了比较。当所有DGP都实现了明显的改进 所提出的DGP模型的统计性质和复合核函数为随时间变化的步态模式学习提供了卓越的灵活性,并实现了精确的联合扭矩估计。对五个对象进行了实验,他们的结果表明可以估计不同训练和未训练速度水平下的关节扭矩。在建议的DGP模型和高斯过程(GP)模型之间进行了比较。所有DGP都取得了明显的改进 所提出的DGP模型的统计性质和复合核函数为随时间变化的步态模式学习提供了卓越的灵活性,并实现了精确的联合扭矩估计。对五个对象进行了实验,他们的结果表明可以估计不同训练和未训练速度水平下的关节扭矩。在建议的DGP模型和高斯过程(GP)模型之间进行了比较。所有DGP都取得了明显的改进r 2值高于GP的值。
更新日期:2020-06-30
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