Nitrogen fertilization is indispensable in increasing wheat crop productivity but, in order to achieve maximum profitable production and minimum negative environmental impact, improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) should be considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in a long-term wheat–maize–soybean rotation system with the final purpose of increasing the overall performance of the wheat cropping system. Research was undertaken at the Agricultural Research Development Station Turda (ARDS Turda), located in Western Transylvania Plain, Romania. The experimental field was carried out at a fixed place during seven wheat vegetation seasons. The plant material consisted of a wheat variety created by the ARDS Turda (Andrada), one variety of maize (Turda 332) and one variety of soybean (Felix). The experiment covered two planting patterns: wheat after maize and wheat after soybean and five levels of nitrogen fertilization (control-unfertilized, fertilization with 0—control plot, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha⁻¹ y⁻¹). The following indices were assessed: NUE (nitrogen use efficiency), N uptake and PFP (partial factor productivity). The results of the present study suggest that reduced N-fertilization doses could improve N uptake and utilization for both planting patterns.

中文翻译：

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通过NUE测量评估小麦-玉米-大豆长期轮作中小麦对氮肥的响应

氮肥肥是提高小麦产量的必不可少的，但是，为了实现最大的生产效益和对环境的负面影响最小，应考虑提高氮的利用效率（NUE）。这项研究的目的是评估长期小麦，玉米，大豆轮作系统中的氮利用效率（NUE），其最终目的是提高小麦种植系统的整体性能。研究在位于罗马尼亚西部特兰西瓦尼亚平原的图尔达农业研究发展站（ARDS Turda）进行。在七个小麦植被季节的固定地点进行了试验田。植物材料包括ARDS Turda（Andrada）生产的小麦品种，玉米（Turda 332）和大豆（Felix）的一种。^-1 y ^-1）。评估了以下指标：NUE（氮利用效率），N吸收和PFP（偏要素生产率）。本研究的结果表明，减少氮肥的施用量可以提高两种种植方式的氮素吸收和利用。