Escherichia coli strains carrying Shiga toxins 1 and 2 (stx₁ and stx₂), intimin (eae), and hemolysin (ehxA) production genes were found in grass shoot, rhizosphere soil, and stable manure samples from a small-scale cattle farm located at the center of Netherlands, using cultivation-dependent and -independent microbiological detection techniques. Pasture land with grazing heifers in the first year of sampling in 2014 and without grazing cattle in 2015 was physically separated from the stable that housed rose calves during both years. Manure from the stable was applied to pasture via injection into soil once per year in early spring. Among a variety of 35 phylogenetic distinctly related E. coli strains, one large group consisting of 21 closely resembling E. coli O150:H2 (18), O98:H21 (2), and O84:H2 (1) strains, all belonging to phylogenetic group B1 and carrying all screened virulence traits, was found present on grass shoots (10), rhizosphere soil (3), and stable manure (8) in 2014, but not anymore in 2015 when grazing heifers were absent. Presence and absence of these strains, obtained via enrichments, were confirmed via molecular detection using PCR-NALFIA in all ecosystems in both years. We propose that this group of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli phylogenetic group B1 strains was originally introduced via stable manure injection into the pasture. Upon grazing, these potential pathogens proliferated in the intestinal track systems of the heifers resulting in defecation with higher loads of the STEC strain onto the grass cover. The STEC strain was further smeared over the field via the hooves of the heifers resulting in augmentation of the potential pathogen in the pasture in 2014, whereas in 2015, in the absence of heifers, no augmentation occurred and only a more diverse group of potentially mild virulent E. coli phylogenetic group A and B1 strains, indigenous to pasture plants, remained present. Via this model, it was postulated that human pathogens can circulate between plants and farm animals, using the plant as an alternative ecosystem. These data indicate that grazed pasture must be considered as a potential carrier of human pathogenic E. coli strains and possibly also of other pathogens.

大肠杆菌 携带志贺毒素1和2（stx₁和stx₂），内膜素（ae）和溶血素（xA）使用依赖于耕种和不依赖于耕种的微生物检测技术，从位于荷兰中部的一个小型养牛场的芽，根际土壤和稳定的粪便样本中发现了生产基因。在2014年采样的第一年中，放牧小母牛的牧场和2015年没有放牧牛的牧场与这两个年份存放小牛的马stable在物理上是分开的。马stable中的肥料每年早春通过一次注入土壤的方式施用于牧场。在35种系统发育中有明显不同的大肠杆菌 毒株，一大群包括21个非常相似的 大肠杆菌在草芽（10）和根际土壤（3）上发现了O150：H2（18），O98：H21（2）和O84：H2（1）菌株，它们均属于系统进化组B1，并具有所有筛选的毒力特征。 ）和稳定的肥料（8）在2014年，但在2015年不再有放牧小母牛时就不再如此。在两年中，通过使用PCR-NALFIA的分子检测，在所有生态系统中通过富集获得了这些菌株的存在与否。我们建议这组滋贺毒素生产大肠杆菌系统发育组B1菌株最初是通过稳定的粪肥注入牧场引入的。放牧后，这些潜在的病原体在小母牛的肠道道系统中增殖，导致粪便排泄，并在草皮上增加了STEC菌株的负荷。STEC菌株通过小母牛的蹄子在田间进一步涂抹，导致牧场中潜在病原体的增加，而在2015年，没有小母牛的情况下，没有发生增加，只有更多样化的一组可能的轻度有毒大肠杆菌牧场植物固有的系统发育A和B1族菌株仍然存在。通过该模型，假定人类病原体可以使用植物作为替代生态系统在植物和农场动物之间传播。这些数据表明，放牧的牧场必须被视为人类致病的潜在载体大肠杆菌 株，也可能还有其他病原体。