Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous molecules originate from damaged cells and tissues with the ability to trigger and/or modify innate immune responses. Upon hemolysis hemoglobin (Hb) is released from red blood cells (RBCs) to the circulation and give a rise to the production of different Hb redox states and heme which can act as DAMPs. Heme is the best characterized Hb-derived DAMP that targets different immune and non-immune cells. Heme is a chemoattractant, activates the complement system, modulates host defense mechanisms through the activation of innate immune receptors and the heme oxygenase-1/ferritin system, and induces innate immune memory. The contribution of oxidized Hb forms is much less studied, but some evidence show that these species might play distinct roles in intravascular hemolysis-associated pathologies independently of heme release. This review aims to summarize our current knowledge about the formation and pro-inflammatory actions of heme and other Hb-derived DAMPs.

损伤相关分子模式（DAMP）是来自受损细胞和组织的内源性分子，具有触发和/或修饰先天免疫反应的能力。溶血后，血红蛋白（Hb）从红细胞（RBC）释放到循环中，并增加了可充当DAMP的不同Hb氧化还原态和血红素的产生。血红素是特征最鲜明的Hb衍生DAMP，其靶向不同的免疫和非免疫细胞。血红素是一种化学吸引剂，可激活补体系统，通过激活先天免疫受体和血红素加氧酶-1 /铁蛋白系统来调节宿主防御机制，并诱导先天免疫记忆。氧化型血红蛋白形式的贡献还很少研究，但是一些证据表明，这些物种可能在血管内溶血相关的病理学中起独立于血红素释放的作用。这篇综述旨在总结我们目前对血红素和其他Hb衍生的DAMPs的形成和促炎作用的认识。