Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease, characterized by vascular damage and progressive fibrosis, affecting the skin and internal organs. The vascular changes include functional and structural abnormalities in the microcirculation, which play a central role not only in diagnosis but also in the prognosis and follow‐up of systemic sclerosis patients. Nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) is a safe, validated, noninvasive, inexpensive, reliable, and reproducible method that allows for the evaluation of structural changes in scleroderma microangiopathy. However, capillary blood flow/perfusion cannot be measured by NVC under standard conditions and, consequently, must rely on various laser techniques and thermography for the assessment and quantification of cutaneous blood perfusion. Other emerging technologies, such as optical Doppler tomography and spectroscopy, may be used to evaluate the skin flow. This review updates current knowledge on the use of microvascular evaluation techniques in SSc, including complications such as digital ulcers and pulmonary arterial hypertension.

中文翻译：

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在系统性硬化症患者的诊断和随访中监测微循环：关注肺部和外周血管表现。

系统性硬化症 (SSc) 是一种结缔组织疾病，其特征是血管损伤和进行性纤维化，影响皮肤和内脏。血管变化包括微循环的功能和结构异常，这不仅在诊断中而且在系统性硬化症患者的预后和随访中起着核心作用。指甲折叠视频毛细血管镜 (NVC) 是一种安全、经过验证、无创、廉价、可靠且可重复的方法，可用于评估硬皮病微血管病的结构变化。然而，在标准条件下，NVC 无法测量毛细血管血流/灌注，因此必须依靠各种激光技术和热成像来评估和量化皮肤血液灌注。其他新兴技术，例如光学多普勒断层扫描和光谱，可用于评估皮肤血流。本综述更新了目前关于在 SSc 中使用微血管评估技术的知识，包括手指溃疡和肺动脉高压等并发症。