1. Freshwater fishes are now facing unprecedented environmental changes across their northern ranges, especially due to rapid warming occurring at higher latitudes. However, empirical research that examines co‐occurring environmental effects on northern fish communities remains limited.
2. We used fish community data from 1587 Alaskan stream sites to examine the potential combined and interacting effects of climate change, current weather, habitat, land use, and fire on two community‐level metrics (species richness, relative abundance), and on the distributions of three Alaskan fish species.
3. Our models were 71–76% accurate in predicting the distribution of Alaskan stream fishes using a combination of climate and habitat variables. In contrast to other freshwater ecosystems that are most threatened by land use pressures, we did not detect any evidence for the potential stress of anthropogenic land use or fire on stream fishes.
4. Warming temperatures increased overall community richness and abundance but produced differing responses at the species level. Juvenile salmon presence was positively associated with several climate variables including warmer spring and autumn temperatures and wetter summers. In comparison, warmer seasonal temperatures contributed to declines for northern‐adapted species such as Arctic grayling and Dolly Varden.
5. This study highlights the overarching role of current and changing climate in regulating northern stream fish biodiversity. Although many fish species may benefit from climate change across their northern ranges, localised declines are likely to occur and may prove detrimental for communities with limited fishing portfolios. Climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies customised for rapidly changing northern ecosystems will play an essential role in preserving ecologically unique northern species.

中文翻译：

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同时发生的环境变化对阿拉斯加溪流鱼类的影响

1. 现在，淡水鱼在北部地区正面临着前所未有的环境变化，特别是由于高纬度地区的快速变暖。但是，研究对北部鱼类群落同时发生的环境影响的实证研究仍然很有限。
2. 我们使用来自1587年阿拉斯加河流域的鱼类群落数据，研究了气候变化，当前天气，栖息地，土地利用和火灾对两个社区级指标（物种丰富度，相对丰度）以及分布的潜在综合影响和相互作用三种阿拉斯加鱼类。
3. 我们的模型使用气候和生境变量的组合来预测阿拉斯加溪流鱼类的分布准确度为71–76％。与其他受到土地利用压力威胁最大的淡水生态系统相反，我们没有发现任何证据表明人为土地利用或溪流鱼类着火的潜在压力。
4. 温暖的温度增加了整个社区的丰富度和丰富度，但在物种一级产生了不同的反应。少年鲑鱼的存在与几个气候变量呈正相关，包括春季和秋季的温度升高和夏天湿润。相比之下，较暖的季节温度导致北极适应性物种（例如北极gray和多莉·瓦尔登）下降。
5. 这项研究强调了当前和不断变化的气候在调节北部河流鱼类生物多样性方面的主要作用。尽管许多鱼类可能会从其北部范围的气候变化中受益，但局部地区的下降很可能会发生，并且可能对渔业资源有限的社区造成不利影响。为快速变化的北方生态系统量身定制的气候变化适应和减缓战略将在保护独特的北方生态物种方面发挥重要作用。