Abstract The aim of the study was to examine the characteristics of Inconel 625 hard overlays over AISI 316L used for oil and gas industry applications. Weaving technique was adopted using robotic gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process in this study to reduce the dilution % and contact angle. Multiple overlapped beads were fabricated with a welding current of 120 Amps, welding speed of 250 mm/min with sinewave weaving technique. The hard overlays were then examined to expose the microstructural variation and mechanical integrity. In addition, reciprocating wear test and three-body abrasion tests were performed to study the wear characteristics. Microstructural results showed the existence of precipitates rich in Mo and Nb dispersed in the interdendritic regions with a dendritic structure. Hardfaced overlay and interface samples showed an increase of 17.8% and 3.7% respectively in ultimate tensile strength than the substrate material. Microhardness test exhibited intended results which follow an increasing trend from substrate to the overlay with an average of 246.02 HV0.5 at the overlay region and 184.94 HV0.5 on the substrate zone. Wear test results revealed excellent wear resistance of the hardfaced samples in comparison with substrate specimens. Co-efficient of friction (CoF) of hardfaced samples were 0.16 and 0.12 while the CoF of substrate specimen were 0.25 and 0.53 at room temperature and 180 °C respectively in ball on flat reciprocating wear test. Specific wear rate of hardfaced samples during the three-body abrasion test at 50 N and 130 N load decreased by ⁓39% in comparison with substrate. The surfaces of the worn samples from the wear test were characterized by SEM wear tracks and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy analysis.

中文翻译：

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AISI 316L 板镍基 Inconel 625 硬堆焊的一些研究，基于气体保护金属电弧焊的堆焊工艺

摘要 本研究的目的是检查用于石油和天然气工业应用的 Inconel 625 硬覆盖层在 AISI 316L 上的特性。在本研究中，采用机器人气体保护金属电弧焊 (GMAW) 工艺采用编织技术来降低稀释百分比和接触角。使用正弦波编织技术以 120 安培的焊接电流、250 毫米/分钟的焊接速度制造多个重叠焊道。然后检查硬覆盖层以暴露微观结构变化和机械完整性。此外，还进行了往复磨损试验和三体磨损试验以研究磨损特性。显微组织结果表明，在具有树枝状结构的枝晶间区域中存在着富含 Mo 和 Nb 的析出物。硬面覆盖层和界面样品的极限抗拉强度比基材分别提高了 17.8% 和 3.7%。显微硬度测试显示出预期的结果，其遵循从基材到覆盖层的增加趋势，覆盖区域的平均值为 246.02 HV0.5，基材区域的平均值为 184.94 HV0.5。磨损试验结果表明，与基材试样相比，硬面试样具有优异的耐磨性。硬面样品的摩擦系数 (CoF) 为 0.16 和 0.12，而基材样品的摩擦系数在室温和 180°C 下分别在平面往复磨损试验中的球中为 0.25 和 0.53。与基材相比，在 50 N 和 130 N 载荷下的三体磨损试验期间，硬面样品的比磨损率降低了 39%。