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Indicators to measure pressure, state, impact and responses of surf breaks: The case of Bahía de Todos Santos World Surfing Reserve.
Ocean & Coastal Management ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105252
Mara Arroyo , Arielle Levine , Ludger Brenner , Georges Seingier , Claudia Leyva , Ileana Espejel

Abstract Using the Driving Forces-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework, this paper proposes indicators to measure human activities affecting three surf breaks located within Bahia de Todos Santos World Surfing Reserve (BTSWSR) in Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico. To develop these indicators, a learning community was formed where interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary teams gathered information through document analysis, participatory methods (transect walks, focus groups, problem tree, participatory mapping) and participant observations of the actions undertaken by the BTSWSR Local Stewardship Council, between 2015 and 2018. Together, academics, surfers and decision makers defined the parameters and criteria for the assessment of surf breaks, developing a set of indicators that drew on both qualitative and quantitative data. These indicators enabled the identification of specific anthropogenic activities affecting surf breaks, their impact on the environment, and actual or possible responses to human activities. DPSIR indicators enabled comparison of states and trends in different surf sites, allowed BTSWSR co-managers to focus on critical issues in need of attention at each surf break, and facilitated the development of specific strategies for an Adaptive Co-management plan at BTSWSR. This model could be adapted to other surf breaks around the world, providing new strategies for conservation and management of surf zones and contributing to global marine conservation efforts.

中文翻译:

衡量冲浪休息的压力、状态、影响和响应的指标:以巴伊亚德托多斯桑托斯世界冲浪保护区为例。

摘要 使用驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应 (DPSIR) 框架,本文提出了衡量人类活动的指标,该指标影响位于墨西哥下加利福尼亚州恩塞纳达的 Bahia de Todos Santos 世界冲浪保护区 (BTSWSR) 内的三个冲浪点。为了制定这些指标,形成了一个学习社区,其中跨学科和跨学科团队通过文件分析、参与式方法(横断面步行、焦点小组、问题树、参与式绘图)和对 BTSWSR 地方管理委员会采取的行动的参与观察来收集信息, 2015 年至 2018 年之间。学者、冲浪者和决策者共同定义了评估冲浪休息的参数和标准,制定了一套利用定性和定量数据的指标。这些指标能够确定影响冲浪休息的特定人为活动、它们对环境的影响以及对人类活动的实际或可能的反应。DPSIR 指标能够比较不同冲浪站点的状态和趋势,使 BTSWSR 联合管理人员能够在每次冲浪中断时关注需要注意的关键问题,并促进制定 BTSWSR 自适应联合管理计划的具体策略。该模型可适用于世界各地的其他海浪浪潮,为海浪区的保护和管理提供新的战略,并为全球海洋保护工作做出贡献。DPSIR 指标能够比较不同冲浪站点的状态和趋势,使 BTSWSR 联合管理人员能够在每次冲浪中断时关注需要注意的关键问题,并促进制定 BTSWSR 自适应联合管理计划的具体策略。该模型可适用于世界各地的其他海浪浪潮,为海浪区的保护和管理提供新的战略,并为全球海洋保护工作做出贡献。DPSIR 指标能够比较不同冲浪站点的状态和趋势,使 BTSWSR 联合管理人员能够在每次冲浪中断时关注需要注意的关键问题,并促进制定 BTSWSR 自适应联合管理计划的具体策略。该模型可适用于世界各地的其他海浪浪潮,为海浪区的保护和管理提供新的战略,并为全球海洋保护工作做出贡献。
更新日期:2020-08-01
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