Abstract Cognitive control is the ability to adapt flexibly to current demands by promoting task-relevant information in the face of interference, and this has been asserted as an advantage with bilinguals. Bilingual language control and general-purpose cognitive control are discussed in the literature using different types of stimuli, cognitive tasks, component processes (selection, interference, inhibition, switching) and groups (bilingual vs. monolingual; high proficient vs. low proficient bilingual). The present study was designed to investigate the neurocognitive correlates of inhibitory control with linguistic (i.e., words) and nonlinguistic (i.e., line drawings of objects) stimuli in Hindi-English bilingual adults. We conducted the behavioural experiment first to establish the linguistic version of identity negative priming paradigm followed by the Event-related potential (ERP) experiment using the linguistic and nonlinguistic negative priming task. Results show the presence of inhibition effect using mean reaction times as well as ERP data while comparing the control and ignored repetition conditions, and this pattern varied with different stimuli – linguistic vs. nonlinguistic. Thus, the current study suggests that bilingual language control is not entirely subsidiary to general-purpose cognitive control and shows differences based on the stimulus type. Also, proficiency in L1 and L2 differentially predicts performance on the nonlinguistic and linguistic negative priming paradigm, respectively. These results are indicative of a dynamic cognitive control system associated with bilingualism, which varies as a function of stimulus type as well as language proficiency.

中文翻译：

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L1 和 L2 水平预测的双语语言控制和通用抑制控制的行为和 ERP 相关性

摘要 认知控制是在面对干扰时通过促进与任务相关的信息来灵活适应当前需求的能力，这被认为是双语者的优势。双语语言控制和通用认知控制在文献中使用不同类型的刺激、认知任务、组成过程（选择、干扰、抑制、转换）和组（双语与单语；高精通与低精通双语）进行了讨论. 本研究旨在调查印地语-英语双语成人的抑制控制与语言（即单词）和非语言（即对象的线条图）刺激的神经认知相关性。我们首先进行了行为实验，以建立身份负启动范式的语言版本，然后使用语言和非语言负启动任务进行事件相关电位 (ERP) 实验。结果显示使用平均反应时间和 ERP 数据同时比较控制和忽略重复条件时存在抑制效应，并且这种模式随不同的刺激而变化 - 语言与非语言。因此，目前的研究表明，双语语言控制并不完全是通用认知控制的附属，并且根据刺激类型显示出差异。此外，L1 和 L2 的熟练程度分别不同地预测非语言和语言负启动范式的表现。