In today’s societies, scavengers play an important role as providers of nature’s contribution to people (NCP), such as disease control and carcass removal. Yet very little is known about the non-material NCP (i.e. nature’s effects on subjective and psychological aspects of people’s well-being) that scavengers provide societies with. The first aim of this study is to determine which species of obligate and facultative scavengers provide different non-material NCP in Spain, including recreational and aesthetic experiences, learning and inspiration, and supporting identities. The second aim is to identify which ecological variables determine their capacity to provide the aforementioned non-material NCP. To assess non-material NCP nationwide, data were collected from different sources, including the Internet (websites of nature photography and wildlife watching tours, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, and Google Trends), outreach magazines and scientific articles. A top predator, Canis lupus, followed by an obligate scavenger, Gyps fulvus, were among the most prominent species to provide multiple non-material NCP. Aesthetic experiences were provided mainly by common species, such as Genetta genetta, Milvus migrans and corvids. The NCP of recreation and learning by civil society were provided by threatened and charismatic species, such as C. lupus, Ursus arctos and Aquila adalberti. Knowledge acquired by scientists was provided mainly by meso-carnivores. Finally, the NCP of supporting identities was related with species capable of providing beneficial and detrimental contributions, such as C. lupus and Sus scrofa. Integrating data mined from different sources has allowed it to reveal the interweaving among non-material categories. Recognising that all species of scavengers are essential for providing non-material NCP can raise society’s awareness about their important cultural role and may, hence, contribute to their conservation.

在当今社会中，清除剂在提供自然对人类的贡献（NCP）（例如疾病控制和cas体去除）方面扮演着重要角色。拾荒者为社会提供的非物质NCP（即自然对人们福祉的主观和心理方面的影响）知之甚少。这项研究的首要目的是确定西班牙哪些专心的和兼职的拾荒者提供了不同的非物质NCP，包括娱乐和审美体验，学习和启发以及支持的身份。第二个目标是确定哪些生态变量决定了它们提供上述非物质NCP的能力。为了在全国范围内评估非物质NCP，我们从不同来源收集了数据，包括互联网（自然摄影和野生动物观赏之旅的网站，全球生物多样性信息基金和Google趋势），宣传杂志和科学文章。顶级掠食者犬狼疮，其次是专职的清道夫，Gyps fulvus，是提供多种非物质NCP的最著名物种之一。审美经验主要由普通物种提供，如Genetta Genetta，Milvus migrans和Corvids。民间社会的娱乐和学习活动的NCP是由濒危和有魅力的物种提供的，例如C. lupus，Ursus arctos和Aquila adalberti。科学家们获得的知识，主要是通过提供观-carnivores。最后，支持身份的NCP与能够提供有益和有害贡献的物种有关，例如狼疮梭菌（C. lupus）和Sus scrofa。整合从不同来源获得的数据，可以揭示非物质类别之间的交织。认识到所有种类的清除剂对于提供非物质NCP都是必不可少的，这可以提高社会对它们的重要文化作用的认识，因此可能有助于其保护。