CO₂ removal from gas streams using energy-efficient and environmentally friendly separation technologies can contribute to achieving a low-carbon energy future. Carbon membrane systems for hydrogen purification, post-combustion CO₂ capture, and natural gas (NG) sweetening are considered as green processes because of their low energy consumption and negligible environmental impact. Much effort has been devoted to enhancing gas permeance and/or selectivity of carbon membranes by tailoring micropore structures to accomplish different CO₂ removal processes. In this review, the status of tuning microstructure and fabrication of the ultrathin selective layer of carbon membranes, as well as membrane module upscaling was analyzed. The precursors made from a clean process using the solvent of ionic liquids have a particular interest, and high-performance asymmetric carbon hollow fiber membranes (CHFMs) without complex pre-treatment were highlighted towards technology advances of carbon membrane development. Energy-efficient processes of carbon membranes for CO₂ removal in oil/gas/chemical industries and power plants were discussed for decreasing production costs, environmental impact, energy consumption, and improving process flexibility. Future perspectives on advanced carbon membrane material development based on renewable precursors and simple carbonization processes, as well as module design and process optimization, were proposed.

使用节能环保的分离技术从气流中去除CO ₂可以有助于实现低碳能源的未来。用于氢纯化，燃烧后CO ₂捕集和天然气（NG）脱硫的碳膜系统因其能耗低且对环境的影响可忽略不计，因此被视为绿色工艺。通过定制微孔结构以实现不同的CO _2，人们已经做出了很多努力来提高气体渗透性和/或碳膜的选择性。清除程序。在这篇综述中，分析了碳膜的超微选择层的微结构调整和制造状况以及膜组件的升级规模。由使用离子液体溶剂的清洁工艺制备的前驱物引起了人们的特别关注，并且针对碳膜开发技术的发展，强调了无需复杂预处理的高性能不对称碳中空纤维膜（CHFM）。碳膜用于CO ₂的节能工艺为了降低生产成本，对环境的影响，能源消耗以及提高工艺灵活性，讨论了在石油/天然气/化学工业和电厂中的去除。提出了基于可再生前驱物和简单碳化工艺以及组件设计和工艺优化的先进碳膜材料开发的未来观点。