Abstract

In this study, catalytic transesterification of Parkia seed oil with methanol to biodiesel was studied. Attapulgite clay, treated with HCl and then functionalized with C₄H₆O₄KNa and Na₂C₂O₄ was used as a solid base catalyst. Having screened the catalytic action of attapulgite treated with HCl and functionalized with C₄H₆O₄KNa at different concentrations, 4 M solution C₄H₆O₄KNa was chosen for the functionalization and the results were compared with data obtained with 4 M Na₂C₂O₄. Impregnation method was applied to prepare catalysts. Functionalized catalysts dried and calcined at 450°C for 4 h were characterized by Hammett indicators, nitrogen adsorption isotherms, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analyses. The performance of HCl treated attapulgite and functionalized with 4 M C₄H₆O₄KNa (4NK/HCl-Atta-4) was superior both to HCl treated attapulgite functionalized with Na₂C₂O₄ (4NC/HCl-Atta-4) and to HCl treated attapulgite (HCl-Atta-4, reference). Maximum yields of biodiesels of 94.7 and 92.2% were obtained by using 4NK/HCl-Atta-4 and 4NC/HCl-Atta-4, respectively. The optimum reaction conditions were: ratio methanol : oil = 9 : 1; catalyst amount, 6 wt %; and reaction temperature, 60°C; reaction time, 6 h. The catalysts preserved catalytic activity after 5 runs of reuse. The properties of the biodiesels were comparable with those required by American and European Union standards and they could be considered as a realistic alternative fuel to diesel.

中文翻译：

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用钠化合物官能化的酸处理凹凸棒石作为新型双功能多相固体生物柴油生产催化剂

摘要

在这项研究中，研究了Parkia籽油与甲醇的催化酯交换反应生成生物柴油。用HCl处理然后用C ₄ H ₆ O ₄ KNa和Na ₂ C ₂ O ₄官能化的凹凸棒粘土用作固体基础催化剂。在筛选了用HCl处理并用不同浓度的C ₄ H ₆ O ₄ KNa官能化的凹凸棒石的催化作用后，选择4 M溶液C ₄ H ₆ O ₄ KNa进行官能化，并将其结果与4 M所得数据进行比较。钠₂ C₂ O ₄。采用浸渍法制备了催化剂。通过Hammett指示剂，氮吸附等温线，傅立叶变换红外光谱，X射线衍射，扫描电子显微镜和热重分析，对在450°C下干燥并煅烧4小时的功能化催化剂进行了表征。HCl处理的凹凸棒石并用4 MC ₄ H ₆ O ₄ KNa（4NK / HCl-Atta-4）功能化的性能均优于HCl处理的凹凸棒石用Na ₂ C ₂ O ₄官能化。（4NC / HCl-Atta-4）和HCl处理的凹凸棒石（HCl-Atta-4，参考）。通过使用4NK / HCl-Atta-4和4NC / HCl-Atta-4分别获得94.7％和92.2％的最大生物柴油产率。最佳反应条件为：甲醇：油的比例＝ 9∶1；和 催化剂量为6重量％；反应温度为60℃。反应时间为6小时。5次重复使用后，催化剂保持了催化活性。生物柴油的特性与美国和欧盟标准所要求的相当，可以认为它们是柴油的现实替代燃料。