Sustainability is a key factor in an automotive OEMs’ business strategy. Vehicle electrification in particular has received increased attention, and major manufacturers have already undertaken significant investments in this area. However, in order to fully confront the sustainability challenge in the automotive industry, lightweight design in additional to alternative propulsion technologies is also required. Vehicle weight is closely correlated with fuel consumption and range for internal combustion and electrified vehicles, respectively, and therefore, weight reduction is a primary objective. Over the past decades, advanced steel and aluminium-forming technologies have seen considerable development, resulting in significant weight reduction of vehicle components. Hot stamping is one of the most established processes for advanced steel and aluminium alloys. The process offers low-forming loads and high formability as well as parts with high strength and minimal springback. However, the high temperatures of the formed materials over numerous cycles and the significant cooling required to ensure desirable component properties necessitate advanced tooling designs. Traditionally, casting and machining are used to manufacture tools; although in recent years, additive manufacturing has gained significant interest due to the design freedom offered. In this paper, a comprehensive review is performed for the state-of-the-art hot-forming tooling designs in addition to identifying the future direction of Additive Manufactured (AM) tools. Specifically, material properties of widely used tooling materials are first reviewed and selection criteria are proposed which can be used for the transition to AM tools. Moreover, key variables affecting the success of hot stamping, for example cooling rate of the component, are reviewed with the various approaches analysed by analytical and numerical techniques. Finally, a number of future directions for adopting additive manufacturing in the production of hot stamping tools are proposed, based on a thorough analysis of the literature.

可持续性是汽车OEM业务战略的关键因素。特别是汽车电气化已受到越来越多的关注，主要制造商已在这一领域进行了大量投资。但是，为了完全应对汽车行业的可持续性挑战，除替代推进技术外，还需要轻量化设计。车辆的重量分别与内燃机和电动车辆的燃料消耗和范围密切相关，因此，减轻重量是主要目标。在过去的几十年中，先进的钢和铝成型技术得到了长足的发展，从而大大减轻了汽车零部件的重量。热冲压是先进的钢和铝合金最成熟的工艺之一。该工艺可提供低成形载荷和高成形性，以及具有高强度和最小回弹力的零件。但是，在许多次循环中，成型材料的高温以及为确保所需部件性能而需要的显着冷却，都需要进行先进的模具设计。传统上，使用铸造和机械加工来制造工具。尽管近年来，由于提供的设计自由性，增材制造引起了人们的极大兴趣。在本文中，除了确定增材制造（AM）工具的未来方向之外，还对最新的热成型工具设计进行了全面的审查。特别，首先回顾了广泛使用的模具材料的材料特性，并提出了可用于向AM工具过渡的选择标准。此外，通过分析和数值技术分析的各种方法，对影响热冲压成功的关键变量（例如部件的冷却速度）进行了审查。最后，基于对文献的全面分析，提出了在热冲压工具生产中采用增材制造的许多未来方向。