Understanding the drivers of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is one of the most critical global environmental challenges to mitigate the increasing global temperature. Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions are highly variable in space and time and are controlled by multiple proximal drivers, that is, those that affect N₂O emissions directly and in short timescales, and distal or indirect drivers that influence emissions over long timescales. Here we present a quantification of N₂O emissions in grasslands and forests throughout the Pampas and the Semiarid Chaco in Argentina and reveal distal and proximal drivers, analyzing them in both spatial and temporal models. We measured N₂O emissions, soil and climate variables monthly in nine sites over two years. Mean annual temperature and the following soil properties: phosphorous availability, carbon:nitrogen ratio, clay and sand percentages were the main distal drivers controlling N₂O emissions in the spatial model, while among proximal drivers, only soil nitrate contents were positively related to N₂O emissions. When considering the seasonal variability of N₂O emissions (temporal model), we found that emissions were positively related to proximal drivers, such as soil nitrate and soil temperature. Our results show that soil N₂O emission drivers differ between spatial and temporal models in natural grasslands and forests, explaining up to 85 and 56% of variations in N₂O emissions, respectively. Temperature increased N₂O emissions in both spatial and temporal models; therefore, future global warming may increase background emissions from natural ecosystems with important positive feedbacks on the earth system warming.

减轻温室气体排放的驱动力是缓解全球温度上升的最关键的全球环境挑战之一。一氧化二氮（N ₂ O）的排放在空间和时间上变化很大，并且受多个近端驱动因素控制，即直接或在短时间内影响N ₂ O排放的因素，以及在较长时间范围内影响排放的远端或间接因素。 。在这里，我们介绍了整个南美大草原和塞米里亚德查科地区草地和森林中N ₂ O排放的量化，并揭示了远侧和近侧驱动因素，并在时空模型中对其进行了分析。我们测量了N ₂两年中每月在九个站点中产生O排放，土壤和气候变量。年平均温度和以下土壤性质：磷的有效性，碳氮比，粘土和砂的百分比是空间模型中控制N ₂ O排放的主要远端驱动因素，而近端驱动因素中，仅土壤硝酸盐含量与N正相关。₂ O排放。当考虑N ₂ O排放的季节性变化（时间模型）时，我们发现排放与近端驱动因素（如土壤硝酸盐和土壤温度）成正相关。我们的结果表明土壤N ₂在天然草地和森林中，O和O的排放动因在时空模型之间是不同的，分别解释了N ₂ O排放的高达85％和56％的变化。温度在空间和时间模型中均增加了N ₂ O排放；因此，未来的全球变暖可能会增加自然生态系统的背景排放，并对地球系统变暖产生重要的积极反馈。