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Ecological Morphology of Proto-Epiphyte Fern Lemmaphyllum microphyllum C. Presl and Its Relation to the Adaptogenesis
Contemporary Problems of Ecology ( IF 0.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 , DOI: 10.1134/s1995425520030051
N. M. Derzhavina

Abstract

A study of the ecological morphology of plants is a necessary condition in solving a number of fundamental and applied problems of ecology, botany, geography, and physiology of plants when monitoring global and regional environments, as well as the problems of selecting and introducing plants. This approach is successfully used to study flowering plants of different botanical and geographical zones. At the same time, ferns usually fall outside of the field of interest of botanists. The aim of this study is to investigate a photosynthetic apparatus of sporophytes of proto-epiphyte fern Lemmaphyllum microphyllum at different cell organization levels and determine the ways it adapts to environmental conditions. The morphology and structure of a photosynthetic apparatus of plants are analyzed using a Siams Mesoplant laboratory complex. This equipment makes it possible to analyze L. microphyllum at the level of fronds, mesophyll cells, and plastid apparatus, as well as obtain parameters such as the specific surface density of fronds, the number of cells per frond unit area, the number of chloroplasts per cell, the frond thickness, the surface area and volume of chloroplasts, the cell area and volume, etc. We have found that the fern uses different organs and functions for adapting to habitats on tree trunks and branches and on humus-free flat rock surfaces. Adaptations to the light and humidity conditions are characterized by the maximum manifestations in its morphology and anatomy. Such adaptations include the maximum light interception and light excess protection, as well as both the minimization of water losses and the ability to excrete water. They are manifested at different organizational levels and include combinations of xero-, meso-, helio-, and sciomorphic traits, allowing the species to form stable populations in coenoses. In the case of frond-area reduction, the optimum compensatory strategy includes the development of a water-retaining capacity of cells and tissues (succulentization) based on the polyfunctionality of a chlorenchyma, as well as the improvement of conductive xylem elements due to the appearance of vessels. These characteristics do not solve the problem of long-term dehydration, since they provide only a tolerance to short-term water deficiency. For this reason, such ferns can be called cryptic succulents or subsucculents.


中文翻译:

原始表生蕨类植物小叶锦鸡儿的生态形态及其与适应发生的关系

摘要

研究植物的生态形态是解决监测全球和区域环境时植物的生态学,植物学,地理和生理学等许多基本和应用问题以及植物选择和引进问题的必要条件。该方法已成功用于研究不同植物和地理区域的开花植物。同时,蕨类植物通常落在植物学家关注的领域之外。这项研究的目的是研究一种原生表生蕨类植物小叶小球藻的孢子体的光合装置。在不同的细胞组织层次上,并确定其适应环境条件的方式。使用Siams Mesoplant实验室复合物分析植物的光合设备的形态和结构。该设备使分析小叶李斯特菌成为可能在叶,叶肉细胞和质体设备的水平上,并获得诸如叶的比表面密度,每叶单位面积的细胞数,每细胞的叶绿体数,叶厚度,表面积等参数我们发现蕨类植物利用不同的器官和功能来适应树干和树枝以及无腐殖质的平坦岩石表面上的栖息地。适应光照和湿度条件的特征在于其形态和解剖结构的最大表现。这样的适应包括最大程度的光拦截和光过量保护,以及水损失的最小化和排泄水的能力。它们体现在不同的组织级别,包括干性,中观,日光和社会形态性状,使该物种在近代中形成稳定的种群。在减少叶状区域的情况下,最佳的补偿策略包括根据绿藻组织的多官能度发展细胞和组织的保水能力(肉质化),以及由于外观改善导电木质部元素的船只。这些特征不能解决长期脱水的问题,因为它们仅提供对短期缺水的耐受性。由于这个原因,这种蕨类植物可以称为隐性多肉植物或亚多肉植物。最佳的补偿策略包括开发基于细胞质的多功能性的细胞和组织的保水能力(多肉植物化),以及由于血管的出现而改善导电木质部元素。这些特征不能解决长期脱水的问题,因为它们仅提供对短期缺水的耐受性。由于这个原因,这种蕨类植物可以称为隐性多肉植物或亚多肉植物。最佳的补偿策略包括开发基于细胞质的多功能性的细胞和组织的保水能力(多肉植物化),以及由于血管的出现而改善导电木质部元素。这些特征不能解决长期脱水的问题,因为它们仅提供对短期缺水的耐受性。因此,这种蕨类植物可以称为隐性多肉植物或亚多肉植物。
更新日期:2020-06-30
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