Dealing with adverse geology during construction of tunnels and underground spaces can lead to significant delays and cost increases if not adequately predicted. As described in this paper, seismic prediction during excavation allows sporadic or continuous prediction of geological uncertainties over 100 m ahead of the excavation face. To improve reliability, seismic exploration should be used at least every 100–120 m during excavation. In addition, seismic reflection data can provide useful information about the mechanical parameters of the surrounding ground.

中文翻译：

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使用地震勘探预测隧道和地下空间的地质风险

如果没有充分预测，在隧道和地下空间建设期间处理不利的地质情况可能会导致严重的延误和成本增加。如本文所述，开挖过程中的地震预测可以对开挖面前方100 m以上的地质不确定性进行零星或连续预测。为了提高可靠性，在开挖期间至少应每100-120 m使用地震勘探。另外，地震反射数据可以提供有关周围地面机械参数的有用信息。