The complexity of advanced constitutive models often dictates that their capabilities are only demonstrated in the context of model testing under controlled conditions. In the case of earthquake engineering and liquefaction in particular, this restriction is magnified by the difficulties in measuring field behaviour under seismic loading. In this paper, the well-documented case of the Canterbury earthquake sequence in New Zealand, for which extensive field and laboratory data are available, is utilised to demonstrate the accuracy of a bounding surface plasticity model in fully coupled finite-element analyses. A strong motion station with manifestation of liquefaction and the second highest peak vertical ground acceleration during the 22 February 2011 M_w 6·2 seismic event is modelled. An empirical assessment predicted no liquefaction for this station, making this an interesting case for rigorous numerical modelling. The calibration of the model aims at capturing both the laboratory tests and the field measurements in a consistent manner. The characterisation of the ground conditions is presented, while, to specify the bedrock motion, the records of two stations without liquefaction are de-convolved and scaled to account for wave attenuation with distance. The numerical predictions are compared to both the horizontal and vertical acceleration records and other field observations, showing a remarkable agreement, also demonstrating that the high vertical accelerations can be attributed to compressional resonance. The results provide further insights into the underperformance of the simplified procedure.

中文翻译：

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液化的案例研究：演示高级模型的应用并了解简化程序的陷阱

高级本构模型的复杂性通常表明它们的功能仅在受控条件下的模型测试环境中得到证明。特别是在地震工程和液化的情况下，由于在地震荷载下测量田间行为的困难而加大了这一限制。在本文中，利用新西兰有据可查的坎特伯雷地震序列案例，该案例具有广泛的现场和实验室数据，可用于在完全耦合有限元分析中证明边界面塑性模型的准确性。2011年2月22日M _w表现出液化和第二高的垂直地面加速度峰值的强运动台模拟了6·2地震事件。经验评估预测该站没有液化，这对于严格的数值建模来说是一个有趣的案例。模型的校准旨在以一致的方式捕获实验室测试和现场测量。给出了地面条件的特征，同时，为了指定基岩运动，对两个没有液化的站点的记录进行了反卷积和缩放，以解决随距离的波衰减。将数值预测与水平和垂直加速度记录以及其他野外观测结果进行了比较，显示出显着的一致性，也表明较高的垂直加速度可归因于压缩共振。