RIPE IPmap is a multi-engine geolocation platform operated by the RIPE NCC. One of its engines, single-radius, uses active geolocation to infer the geographic coordinates of target IP addresses. In this paper, we first introduce the methodology of IPmap's single-radius engine, then we evaluate its accuracy, coverage, and consistency, and compare its results with commercial geolocation databases. We found that 79.5% of single-radius results have city-level accuracy for our ground truth dataset, and 87.0% have city-level consistency or geolocating different interfaces on the same routers. On our coverage evaluation dataset of 26,559 core infrastructure IP addresses, single-radius provided geolocation inferences for 78.5% of them.We offer recommendations to improve the single-radius engine and IPmap platform in general. The main contributions of this paper are to introduce and evaluate the IPmap single-radius engine and to provide a generalized evaluation workflow applicable to historical and future geolocation techniques.

中文翻译：

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RIPE IPmap 主动地理定位

RIPE IPmap 是由 RIPE NCC 运营的多引擎地理定位平台。它的引擎之一，单半径，使用主动地理定位来推断目标 IP 地址的地理坐标。在本文中，我们首先介绍了 IPmap 的单半径引擎的方法，然后我们对其准确性、覆盖范围和一致性进行了评估，并将其结果与商业地理定位数据库进行了比较。我们发现 79.5% 的单半径结果对于我们的地面实况数据集具有城市级精度，87.0% 具有城市级一致性或对同一路由器上的不同接口进行地理定位。在我们的 26,559 个核心基础设施 IP 地址的覆盖评估数据集中，单半径为其中的 78.5% 提供了地理位置推断。我们提供了改进单半径引擎和 IPmap 平台的总体建议。