This study was designed to improve the permeability of two drugs (finasteride and minoxidil) through the skin. Finasteride-loaded poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) and minoxidil-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by nanoprecipitation and ionic gelation method, respectively, and subsequently incorporated into semisolid Carbopol 940 gel. These fabricated nanoparticles were characterized for their pharmaceutical and chemical behavior. Nanoparticles were found a nearly spherical shape in the scanning electron microscopic studies and exhibited particle size in a range of 211–1012 nm. Finasteride- and minoxidil-loaded nanoparticles were optimized for relatively higher entrapment efficiency of 98% and 95%, respectively, by using the optimal concentration of polymers and stabilizers. All formulations were clear with smooth homogeneous texture and having pH values compatible with that of skin. This nanoparticulate system suspended in gel prolonged the release of drugs for up to 24 h and enhanced the drug permeability through the skin and retention of drug-loaded nanoparticles within the hair follicular routes. Therefore, these nanoparticles incorporated in the gel were found as a promising candidate for topical application in the treatment of alopecia by reducing the dosing frequency and adverse effects and as an effective strategy for improving the patient compliance toward therapy.

中文翻译：

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非那雄胺-聚（乳酸-共-乙醇酸）和米诺地尔-壳聚糖纳米颗粒系统的开发和离体皮肤渗透研究

该研究旨在提高两种药物（非那雄胺和米诺地尔）通过皮肤的渗透性。分别通过纳米沉淀法和离子凝胶法制备了负载非那雄胺的聚（乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物）和负载米诺地尔的壳聚糖纳米颗粒，并随后掺入半固体 Carbopol 940 凝胶中。这些制造的纳米粒子的特征在于它们的药物和化学行为。在扫描电子显微镜研究中发现纳米颗粒几乎呈球形，粒径范围为 211-1012 nm。通过使用聚合物和稳定剂的最佳浓度，对负载非那雄胺和米诺地尔的纳米粒子进行了优化，分别获得了 98% 和 95% 的相对较高的包封率。所有制剂均透明，质地光滑均匀，pH值与皮肤相容。这种悬浮在凝胶中的纳米颗粒系统延长了药物的释放时间长达 24 小时，并增强了药物通过皮肤的渗透性和载药纳米颗粒在毛囊途径中的保留。因此，这些掺入凝胶中的纳米颗粒被发现是通过减少给药频率和不良反应来局部应用治疗脱发的有希望的候选者，并且是提高患者对治疗依从性的有效策略。这种悬浮在凝胶中的纳米颗粒系统延长了药物的释放时间长达 24 小时，并增强了药物通过皮肤的渗透性和载药纳米颗粒在毛囊途径中的保留。因此，这些掺入凝胶中的纳米颗粒被发现是通过减少给药频率和不良反应来局部应用治疗脱发的有希望的候选者，并且是提高患者对治疗依从性的有效策略。这种悬浮在凝胶中的纳米颗粒系统延长了药物的释放时间长达 24 小时，并增强了药物通过皮肤的渗透性和载药纳米颗粒在毛囊途径中的保留。因此，这些掺入凝胶中的纳米颗粒被发现是通过减少给药频率和不良反应来局部应用治疗脱发的有希望的候选者，并且是提高患者对治疗依从性的有效策略。