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A biomechanical field testing approach in snow sports: Case studies toward a detailed analysis of joint loading
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-16 , DOI: 10.1177/1754337120918037
Nicolas Kurpiers 1 , Paul McAlpine 2 , Uwe G Kersting 3, 4
Affiliation  

In this study, kinematic and kinetic measurements were combined to assess the effects of removing the stiff shaft from a ski boot. It was hypothesized that joint flexion at the ankle, knee and hip increase and reduce joint loading specifically at the knee. A previously developed force sensor was combined with a high-speed camera system for data collection of 6 degrees of freedom ground reaction forces and three-dimensional marker data in the field on a wave slope. The collected data were used as input to a musculoskeletal model for the estimation of joint kinematics and joint moments and contact forces in the ankle and knee. The force sensor, which was previously used for skiing, had experienced wear and tear and was thus prone to breakage. As a result, joint loading could only be analyzed for two skiers. These two skiers did not use the added range of ankle flexion to its full extent, but showed substantial reductions in joint moments and joint contact forces (e.g. knee compression force from 85 to 57 N/kg). Only one of the five experienced skiers tested was able to adopt the anticipated movement pattern by substantially increased maximum ankle joint flexion angle (from 10° to 37°) and knee joint flexion angle (from 93° to 105°) and the respective ranges of motion when skiing through a wave course. The study provides information on possible individual adaptations to ski boot modifications. The mechanical construction of the force sensor will need to be modified to withstand the high forces expected during freestyle skiing. The study also supports the future use of this measurement setup for comprehensive studies in snow sports, provided that a sufficient training period is given.

中文翻译:

雪上运动中的生物力学现场测试方法:对关节载荷进行详细分析的案例研究

在这项研究中,结合运动学和动力学测量来评估从滑雪靴上去除硬轴的效果。据推测,踝关节、膝关节和髋关节的关节屈曲会增加并减少特别是膝关节的关节负荷。先前开发的力传感器与高速摄像系统相结合,用于收集 6 自由度地面反作用力和波浪斜坡现场的三维标记数据。收集的数据用作肌肉骨骼模型的输入,用于估计踝关节和膝关节的关节运动学和关节力矩以及接触力。以前用于滑雪的力传感器经历了磨损,因此容易破损。因此,只能分析两名滑雪者的联合载荷。这两名滑雪者没有充分利用增加的踝关节屈曲范围,但关节力矩和关节接触力显着降低(例如膝关节压缩力从 85 N/kg 减少到 57 N/kg)。测试的五名经验丰富的滑雪者中,只有一名能够通过显着增加最大踝关节屈曲角度(从 10° 到 37°)和膝关节屈曲角度(从 93° 到 105°)以及各自的范围来采用预期的运动模式。通过波浪路线滑雪时的运动。该研究提供了有关对滑雪靴修改可能进行的个人调整的信息。力传感器的机械结构需要进行修改,以承受自由式滑雪期间预期的高力。该研究还支持未来将此测量设置用于雪上运动的综合研究,
更新日期:2020-06-16
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