Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have wide applications in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), biomedicine, drug delivery, hyperthermia therapy, catalysis, magnetic separation, and others. However, these applications are usually limited by irreversible agglomeration of IONPs in aqueous media because of their dipole–dipole interactions, and their poor stability. A protecting polymeric shell provides IONPs with not only enhanced long-term stability, but also the functionality of polymer shells. Therefore, polymer-grafted IONPs have recently attracted much attention of scientists. In this tutorial review, we will present the current strategies for grafting polymers onto the surface of IONPs, basically including “grafting from” and “grafting to” methods. Available functional groups and chemical reactions, which could be employed to bind polymers onto the IONP surface, are comprehensively summarized. Moreover, the applications of polymer-grafted IONPs will be briefly discussed. Finally, future challenges and perspectives in the synthesis and application of polymer-grafted IONPs will also be discussed.

中文翻译：

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通过聚合物接枝的磁性氧化铁纳米粒子的表面工程：合成进展和生物医学应用。

磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒（IONPs）在磁共振成像（MRI），生物医学，药物输送，热疗，催化，磁分离等领域具有广泛的应用。但是，这些应用通常受到IONP在水介质中不可逆团聚的限制，因为它们的偶极-偶极相互作用以及稳定性差。保护性聚合物外壳不仅为IONP提供了增强的长期稳定性，而且还为聚合物外壳提供了功能。因此，聚合物接枝的IONP最近引起了科学家的广泛关注。在本教程的复习中，我们将介绍将聚合物接枝到IONPs表面上的当前策略，主要包括“从……接枝”和“从……接枝”方法。可用的官能团和化学反应，全面总结了可用于将聚合物结合到IONP表面上的方法。此外，将简要讨论聚合物接枝的IONP的应用。最后，还将讨论聚合物接枝IONP的合成和应用中的未来挑战和前景。