Background In contrast to wind farm collision, birds and bats were understudied and their occurrence and function were poorly understood. Here, study on mortality of iconic bird and bat species were conducted on Adama I and II wind farms during wet (August 2018) and dry (March 2019) seasons. Materials and methods The methodology employed carcass searches using direct physical inspections, semi-structured interviews ( n = 50), and focus group discussions of wind farm officials and farmers around Adama I and II wind farms. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentages, and chi-square test were employed to analyze the surveyed data. Result The result suggested 51 (78.43%) carcass of bird species comprising 11 families. Out of the 125 installed operational turbines, about 35 species of birds were found in 11 families; 27 unidentified molted carcasses of species of birds were significantly impacted with Adama I and II wind farms. In addition, 11 unidentified species of bat were observed as collision victims. Conclusion Wind farm establishment and expansion in areas with concentrations of the sensitive species had been avoided. To focus on conservation efforts, we illustrate how knowledge of the structural and environmental factors that influence bird and bat collision can be used to record fatalities in the broader landscape. In order to minimize the mortality rate of birds and bats from collision, a comprehensive environmental impact assessment should be undertaken as precautionary measures.

中文翻译：

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风能开发对鸟类和蝙蝠的影响：以埃塞俄比亚中部阿达玛风电场为例

背景 与风电场碰撞相比，鸟类和蝙蝠的研究较少，对它们的发生和功能知之甚少。在这里，在雨季（2018 年 8 月）和旱季（2019 年 3 月）期间，在阿达玛 I 型和 II 型风电场对标志性鸟类和蝙蝠物种的死亡率进行了研究。材料和方法 该方法使用直接物理检查、半结构化访谈（n = 50）和围绕 Adama I 和 II 风电场的风电场官员和农民的焦点小组讨论来搜索尸体。采用频率、百分比和卡方检验等描述性统计方法对调查数据进行分析。结果结果表明鸟类11科51具（78.43%）尸体。在已安装的 125 台运行中的涡轮机中，在 11 个科中发现了约 35 种鸟类；27 具身份不明的鸟类蜕皮尸体受到阿达玛 I 型和 II 型风力发电场的严重影响。此外，还观察到 11 种身份不明的蝙蝠是碰撞受害者。结论 避免了在敏感物种集中的地区建立和扩建风电场。为了专注于保护工作，我们说明了如何使用影响鸟类和蝙蝠碰撞的结构和环境因素的知识来记录更广泛景观中的死亡人数。为了尽量减少因碰撞而造成的鸟类和蝙蝠的死亡率，应进行全面的环境影响评估作为预防措施。结论 避免了在敏感物种集中的地区建立和扩建风电场。为了专注于保护工作，我们说明了如何使用影响鸟类和蝙蝠碰撞的结构和环境因素的知识来记录更广泛景观中的死亡人数。为了尽量减少因碰撞而造成的鸟类和蝙蝠的死亡率，应进行全面的环境影响评估作为预防措施。结论 避免了在敏感物种集中的地区建立和扩建风电场。为了专注于保护工作，我们说明了如何使用影响鸟类和蝙蝠碰撞的结构和环境因素的知识来记录更广泛景观中的死亡人数。为了尽量减少因碰撞而造成的鸟类和蝙蝠的死亡率，应进行全面的环境影响评估作为预防措施。