ABSTRACT

Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered as a subset of mononuclear phagocytes that composed of multiple subsets with distinct phenotypic features. DCs play crucial roles in the initiation and modulation of immune responses to both allo- and auto-antigens during pathogenic settings, encompassing infectious diseases, cancer, autoimmunity, transplantation, as well as vaccination. DCs play a role in preventing autoimmunity via inducing tolerance to self-antigens. This review focus on the most common subsets of DCs in human. Owing to the low frequencies of DC cells in blood and tissues and also the lack of specific DC markers, studies of DCs have been greatly hindered. Human DCs arise by a dedicated pathway of lympho-myeloid hematopoiesis and give rise into specialized subtypes under the influence of transcription factors that are specific for each linage. In humans, the classification of DCs has been generally separated into the blood and cutaneous subsets, mainly because these parts are more comfortable to examine in humans.

摘要

树突细胞 (DC) 被认为是单核吞噬细胞的一个子集，由具有不同表型特征的多个子集组成。DCs 在致病环境中对同种异体和自身抗原的免疫反应的启动和调节中起着至关重要的作用，包括传染病、癌症、自身免疫、移植以及疫苗接种。DCs 通过诱导对自身抗原的耐受性在预防自身免疫方面发挥作用。本综述重点关注人类中最常见的 DC 子集。由于DC细胞在血液和组织中的频率较低，并且缺乏特异性DC标志物，DCs的研究受到很大阻碍。人类 DC 由淋巴-髓样造血的专用途径产生，并在每个谱系特异性的转录因子的影响下产生特殊的亚型。