Neural oscillations represent a fundamental mechanism that enables coordinated action during normal brain functioning. Auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) are used to test the ability to generate gamma-range activity. Different non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have the potential to modulate neural activation patterns that are aberrant in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge on how different methods of NIBS (transcranial altering current stimulation—tACS, transcranial direct current stimulation—tDCS, transcranial random noise stimulation—tRNS, paired associative stimulation—PAS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation—rTMS) affect the gamma-range ASSRs in both healthy and clinical populations. We show that the current research has been far from systematic and methodologically heterogeneous. Nevertheless, some brain stimulation techniques, especially tACS and rTMS show strong potential for further exploration. We outline the main findings and provide directions for further research into neuromodulation of ASSRs as a promising biomarker of different psychopathological conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism.

中文翻译：

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伽马范围听觉稳态反应的神经调节：脑刺激研究的范围审查

神经振荡代表了一种基本机制，可以在正常大脑功能期间实现协调行动。听觉稳态反应 (ASSR) 用于测试产生伽马范围活动的能力。不同的非侵入性脑刺激 (NIBS) 技术有可能调节在各种神经精神疾病中异常的神经激活模式。在这里，我们总结了关于 NIBS 不同方法（经颅交流电刺激 - tACS，经颅直流电刺激 - tDCS，经颅随机噪声刺激 - tRNS，配对关联刺激 - PAS，重复经颅磁刺激 - rTMS）的知识现状影响健康和临床人群中的伽马范围 ASSR。我们表明，目前的研究远非系统性和方法论上的异质性。然而，一些脑刺激技术，特别是 tACS 和 rTMS，显示出进一步探索的强大潜力。我们概述了主要发现，并为进一步研究 ASSR 的神经调节作为不同精神病理学状况（如精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD)、自闭症）的有希望的生物标志物提供了方向。