Chromosomal rearrangements (CR) such as translocations, duplications and inversions play a decisive role in the adaptation of microorganisms to specific environments. In enological Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, CR involving the promoter region of the gene SSU1 lead to a higher sulfite tolerance by enhancing the SO₂ efflux. To date, three different SSU1 associated CR events have been described, including translocations XV-t-XVI and VIII-t-XVI and inversion inv-XVI. In the present study, we developed a multiplex PCR method (SSU1 checkup) that allows a rapid characterization of these three chromosomal configurations in a single experiment. Nearly 600 S. cerevisiae strains collected from fermented grape juice were genotyped by microsatellite markers. We demonstrated that alleles of the SSU1 promoter are differently distributed according to the wine environment (cellar versus vineyard) and the nature of the grape juice. Moreover, rearranged SSU1 promoters are significantly enriched among commercial starters. In addition, the analysis of nearly isogenic strains collected in wine related environments demonstrated that the inheritance of these CR shapes the genetic diversity of clonal populations. Finally, the link between the nature of SSU1 promoter and the tolerance to sulfite was statistically validated in natural grape juice containing various SO₂ concentrations. The SSU1 checkup is therefore a convenient new tool for addressing population genetics questions and for selecting yeast strains by using molecular markers.

染色体重排（CR），例如易位，重复和倒位在微生物适应特定环境中起决定性作用。在生态学上酿酒酵母 菌株，涉及基因启动子区的CR SSU1通过提高SO _2的排放量，可以提高亚硫酸盐的耐受性。迄今为止，三种不同SSU1已经描述了相关的CR事件，包括易位XV-t-XVI和VIII-t-XVI以及倒位inv-XVI。在本研究中，我们开发了一种多重PCR方法（SSU1核对），可以在单个实验中快速表征这三种染色体构型。近600酿酒酵母通过微卫星标记对从发酵葡萄汁中收集的菌株进行基因分型。我们证明了SSU1根据葡萄酒环境（酒窖与葡萄园）和葡萄汁的性质，促进剂的分布不同。而且，重新排列SSU1启动子在商业启动器中显着丰富。此外，对葡萄酒相关环境中收集的近等基因菌株的分析表明，这些CR的遗传决定了克隆种群的遗传多样性。最后，本质之间的联系SSU1在含有各种SO ₂浓度的天然葡萄汁中，通过统计学验证了促进剂和亚硫酸盐的耐受性。的SSU1 因此，检查是解决种群遗传学问题和使用分子标记选择酵母菌株的便捷新工具。