This study examined the performance of dairy farming systems in Brazil, Ethiopia, Nepal, New Zealand and the USA, based on existing databases of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and country‐specific data sources. There are primarily three types of dairy farming, with pasture‐based open grazing being the dominant one in Brazil and New Zealand. In the USA, stall‐feeding is more popular, while mixed dairy farming is traditionally adopted in Ethiopia and Nepal. Compared to the mixed and pasture‐based systems, the stall‐feeding system puts more pressure on water quantity, as the water requirement to produce a given amount of concentrated feed required for a stall‐feeding system is higher than to produce an equivalent amount of grass, crop residue and fodder required for pasture‐based and mixed systems.

中文翻译：

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巴西，埃塞俄比亚，尼泊尔，新西兰和美国的奶牛养殖系统对水量和水质的影响*

这项研究基于联合国粮食及农业组织的现有数据库以及特定国家的数据源，研究了巴西，埃塞俄比亚，尼泊尔，新西兰和美国的奶牛养殖系统的绩效。奶牛养殖主要分为三种类型，其中以牧场为基础的露天放牧在巴西和新西兰占主导地位。在美国，隔间喂养更为普遍，而埃塞俄比亚和尼泊尔传统上采用混合奶牛养殖。与基于混合和牧场的系统相比，失速喂料系统对水量施加了更大的压力，因为产生失速喂料系统所需的给定量浓缩饲料所需的水要高于产生等量的牧草。牧场和混合系统所需的草，农作物残渣和饲料。