Due to the exposure of insects to various sources of pathogens during different stages of their life cycle and their vulnerability towards subsequent infections, moreover lack of morality issues, economical breeding and short‐term‐life cycle, insect's immunity has been considered as a high‐potential candidate to study underlying mechanisms of defense responses against all sort of invaders, as well as pandemic diseases. Currently, the world is enduring monumental pressure to meet global food production demands. One viable option would be to mass rear edible insects, such as coleopteran meal worm Tenebrio molitor, which is thought to be a substantial protein source. In addition, using antimicrobial peptides as an alternative for antibiotic source against multidrug‐resistant pathogens, makes insects a valuable option to solve this health issue. As a consequence, sufficient knowledge of insect immunity will lead us to reach advanced diagnostic and treatment technologies. To accomplish these goals, crucial importance of identification and functional characterization of the main signaling pathways, such as Toll and immune deficiency (IMD), prompted us to review the mechanisms of the signaling pathways involved in immune response in well‐known insect models.

中文翻译：

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昆虫先天免疫概述

由于昆虫在其生命周期的不同阶段暴露于各种病原体来源，并且容易受到后续感染，而且缺乏道德问题、经济繁殖和短生命周期，昆虫的免疫力被认为是一种高水平的免疫系统。研究针对各种入侵者以及流行病的防御反应的潜在机制的潜在候选人。目前，为了满足全球粮食生产需求，世界承受着巨大的压力。一种可行的选择是大规模饲养可食用昆虫，例如鞘翅目粉虫黄粉虫，它被认为是一种重要的蛋白质来源。此外，使用抗菌肽作为抗多药耐药病原体的抗生素来源的替代品，使昆虫成为解决这一健康问题的宝贵选择。因此，对昆虫免疫的足够了解将引导我们达到先进的诊断和治疗技术。为了实现这些目标，对主要信号通路（如 Toll 和免疫缺陷（IMD））的识别和功能表征至关重要，促使我们回顾在众所周知的昆虫模型中参与免疫反应的信号通路的机制。