During the Last Glacial cycle (MIS 4 to MIS 2), the isthmic Pyrenees mountain range acted as a biogeographical barrier, effectively restricting faunal exchanges to its western and eastern terminations. The study of the composition of megaherbivore communities has revealed the transitional character of the Cantabrian region (northwest Iberian Peninsula) during the MIS 3, between western European cold faunas and southern Iberian temperate faunas. In the Catalan area (northeastern Iberian Peninsula), cold‐adapted faunas are frequently recorded during the cold pulses of MIS 3 and MIS 2, albeit to a lesser extent. In the present paper, we provide the first direct evidence of a muskox record in the Iberian Peninsula, together with a morphometric study and the results of collagen δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N analysis. The results reveal that the Arbreda specimen fits biometrically within the Late Holocene Umingmak specimens (Banks Island, Canada). Moreover, its isotopic values fall into the range of Late Pleistocene Mammoth steppe muskoxen, which indicates a typical ecological behaviour for muskox. Indeed, it suggests a niche partitioning of this cold‐adapted specimen in relation to other Gravettian Iberian fauna. Chronologically, this occurrence is interpreted as an isolated southward expansion of the biogeographical limits of muskox during the Greenland Stadial 4, in the latest MIS 3.

中文翻译：

---

修订了从阿布达洞穴（Grastian of Arbreda Cave）（伊比利亚东北部的塞里尼亚）的麝鼠（Ovibos moschatus Zimmermann 1780）的发生：研究伊比利亚适应冷气候的动物的新见解

在最后一次冰川周期（MIS 4到MIS 2）中，地峡性的比利牛斯山脉是生物地理屏​​障，有效地限制了动物在东部和西部的交换。对巨型草食动物群落组成的研究表明，MIS 3期间坎塔布连地区（西北伊比利亚半岛）在西欧寒冷动物群和伊比利亚南部温带动物群之间的过渡特征。在加泰罗尼亚地区（东北伊比利亚半岛），在MIS 3和MIS 2冷潮期间，经常记录有适应寒冷的动物，尽管程度较轻。在本文中，我们提供了在伊比利亚半岛麝牛记录和第一个直接证据，与形态研究一起胶原δ结果¹³ C和δ ¹⁵N分析。结果表明，Arbreda标本在生物学上适合于晚全新世Umingmak标本（加拿大班克斯岛）。此外，其同位素值落在晚更新世猛mm象草原麝香的范围内，这表明麝香具有典型的生态行为。确实，这表明该冷适应标本相对于其他Gravettian伊比利亚动物区系有适当的位置。按时间顺序，此事件被解释为在最新的MIS 3中格陵兰标准站4期间麝香的生物地理极限向南扩展。