Ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems have attracted wide attention in developing energy-efficient buildings. Considering the high upfront cost of GSHP systems, appropriate design and control optimization are essential to enhancing their energy efficiency and reducing the payback period. Since there are many variables influencing the performance of GSHP systems, the commonly used rule-based approaches cannot ensure that the system is designed and operated in an optimal manner. This paper presents an overview of recent advances and development in optimal design and control of GSHP systems, aiming to provide some concluding remarks and recommendations for future research in this direction. The general optimization problems for optimal design and control of GSHP systems are first presented. Sensitivity analysis to determine the major variables to formulate the optimization problems is then discussed. Furthermore, recent progress in optimal design and control of GSHP systems is reviewed. The results showed that an increasing number of single-objective and multi-objective design optimization strategies for GSHP systems have been developed, which seems more robust than commonly used rule-based design approaches. It was shown that optimal control can provide a better operating performance of GSHP systems as compared to rule-based control methods. The majority of studies used a model-based approach to formulate the control problem and model predictive control could play an essential role in renewable integrated GSHP systems. However, studies on optimal control of GSHP systems are insufficient and development of energy-efficient control strategies and evaluation of their control reliability, effectiveness and long-term performance are needed.

地源热泵（GSHP）系统在开发节能建筑方面引起了广泛关注。考虑到GSHP系统的前期成本很高，适当的设计和控制优化对于提高其能源效率和缩短投资回收期至关重要。由于有许多变量会影响GSHP系统的性能，因此常用的基于规则的方法无法确保系统以最佳方式设计和运行。本文概述了GSHP系统最佳设计和控制的最新进展和发展，旨在为该方向的未来研究提供一些结论和建议。首先介绍了GSHP系统的最佳设计和控制的一般优化问题。然后讨论确定主要变量以制定优化问题的灵敏度分析。此外，对GSHP系统的最佳设计和控制的最新进展进行了回顾。结果表明，已经开发了越来越多的GSHP系统单目标和多目标设计优化策略，这似乎比常用的基于规则的设计方法更强大。结果表明，与基于规则的控制方法相比，最佳控制可以为GSHP系统提供更好的运行性能。大多数研究使用基于模型的方法来表达控制问题，并且模型预测控制在可再生集成GSHP系统中可以发挥重要作用。然而，