Insight into the role of reactive sites in charge storage materials is highly significant for the design and development of high performance electrode materials for supercapacitor. These active sites constitute micro-structural vacancies and edge defects that effectively modulate the surface microstructure, carrier concentration, electronic, optical and electrochemical properties of material. This review summarizes the recent progress in designing the vacancies and edge defects in range of supercapacitors electrode materials for high performance. Special emphasis is put on correlating the performance metrics of supercapacitor with vacancies and edges induced tailored properties (carrier concentration, coordination number of atom, interlayer spacing, surface area and mechanical strength) of electrode materials. Further, the dependency of tailored properties of electrode materials on size, position, concentration and stability of defects is critically analyzed. We also highlighted the influence of vacancy and edge defects on charge storage mechanism evaluation parameter (b-value) which may help researchers in near future to adjust the operating mechanism as per the device application. The challenges and opportunities ahead in this emerging field are also proposed.

洞察电荷存储材料中反应位点的作用对于设计和开发用于超级电容器的高性能电极材料非常重要。这些活性位点构成了微观结构的空位和边缘缺陷，可有效调节材料的表面微观结构，载流子浓度，电子，光学和电化学性质。这篇综述总结了为高性能设计超级电容器电极材料范围内的空位和边缘缺陷的最新进展。特别强调将超级电容器的性能指标与空位和边缘引起的电极材料的定制特性（载流子浓度，原子的配位数，层间间距，表面积和机械强度）相关联。进一步，严格分析了电极材料的定制性能对缺陷的尺寸，位置，浓度和稳定性的依赖性。我们还强调了空位和边缘缺陷对电荷存储机制评估参数（b值）的影响，这可能有助于研究人员在不久的将来根据设备应用调整操作机制。还提出了在这个新兴领域中的挑战和机遇。