Abstract Adopting a multifaceted approach of biodiversity is believed to capture different aspects of the ecosystem functioning and it is thus advised for conservation prioritisation, especially for anthropogenic ecosystems but this key topic has never been conducted for the Mediterranean tree assemblages, despite their ecological importance. We explored how the multi-faceted diversity of woody plant assemblages, as measured by taxonomic (TD), functional (FD) and phylogenetic (PD) diversities, are distributed over space in the French part of the Mediterranean biome, and to which extend they are spatially correlated to each other, in order to understand whether one facet can be used as a proxy for another, especially for conservation management purposes. We analysed data from 5885 plots over the study area. We estimated several FD types by considering separately (i) regeneration, (ii) morphology traits (iii) modalities on species ecological properties, and finally (iv) considering all traits together. We used the Rao quadratic entropy to estimate the TD, FD and PD diversity facets. We tested for the links and spatial correlation (congruence) levels among these facets, using simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) models and partial Mantel tests. Spatial structure varied among diversity facets and spatial autocorrelation patterns were identified for all diversity indices from 30 to 50 km distances. We observed a functional convergence and a phylogenetic divergence within tree assemblages comparing to the ones expected given the regional species pool, indicating that even in tree communities with functional similarities, phylogenetic diversity may be high. PD was zero to slightly congruent to FD, regardless the type of functional traits considered. The highest SAR slope (=0.3) and partial Mantel test (=0.2) were revealed between the PD and the FD based on species morphological traits, but still remained considerably low. Each one of the diversity indicators reflected a different tree community spatial pattern. Functional diversity patterns varied according to the type of traits considered. Using only taxonomic indices may be misleading for responding to Mediterranean tree assemblages conservation needs and additional information about the species phylogeny and functional responses to disturbance pressures should be considered in large scale analyses.

中文翻译：

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超越分类多样性：揭示法国南部地中海树木群落系统发育和功能多样性方面的空间不匹配

摘要 采用多方面的生物多样性方法被认为可以捕捉生态系统功能的不同方面，因此建议优先保护，特别是对于人为生态系统，但这一关键主题从未针对地中海树木组合进行，尽管它们具有生态重要性。我们探索了木本植物组合的多方面多样性，以分类学 (TD)、功能 (FD) 和系统发育 (PD) 多样性衡量，如何分布在地中海生物群落法国部分的空间中，以及它们的扩展范围在空间上相互关联，以了解一个方面是否可以用作另一个方面的代理，尤其是出于保护管理目的。我们分析了研究区域内 5885 个地块的数据。我们通过分别考虑（i）再生，（ii）形态特征（iii）物种生态特性的方式，最后（iv）一起考虑所有特征来估计几种FD类型。我们使用 Rao 二次熵来估计 TD、FD 和 PD 多样性方面。我们使用同步自回归 (SAR) 模型和部分 Mantel 测试来测试这些方面之间的联系和空间相关性（一致性）水平。空间结构在多样性方面有所不同，并且从 30 到 50 公里距离的所有多样性指数都确定了空间自相关模式。与给定区域物种库的预期相比，我们观察到树组合内的功能收敛和系统发育差异，表明即使在具有功能相似的树群落中，系统发育多样性也可能很高。无论考虑何种功能性状，PD 与 FD 均为零或略微一致。根据物种形态特征，在 PD 和 FD 之间显示了最高的 SAR 斜率 (=0.3) 和部分 Mantel 测试 (=0.2)，但仍然相当低。每个多样性指标都反映了不同的树木群落空间格局。功能多样性模式因考虑的特征类型而异。仅使用分类指数可能会误导对地中海树木组合保护需求的响应，并且在大规模分析中应考虑有关物种系统发育和功能对干扰压力的响应的其他信息。2) 基于物种形态特征在 PD 和 FD 之间显示，但仍然相当低。每个多样性指标都反映了不同的树木群落空间格局。功能多样性模式根据所考虑的特征类型而有所不同。仅使用分类指数可能会误导对地中海树木组合保护需求的响应，并且在大规模分析中应考虑有关物种系统发育和功能对干扰压力的响应的其他信息。2) 基于物种形态特征在 PD 和 FD 之间显示，但仍然相当低。每个多样性指标都反映了不同的树木群落空间格局。功能多样性模式根据所考虑的特征类型而有所不同。仅使用分类指数可能会误导对地中海树木组合保护需求的响应，并且在大规模分析中应考虑有关物种系统发育和功能对干扰压力的响应的其他信息。