Cigarette smoking has been associated with an increase in oxidative stress (OS) and is considered a predisposing factor to chronic noncommunicable diseases, whilst dietary antioxidants has been proposed as an alternative to cope with this oxidative stress. In this study, 20 smokers and 20 non-smokers were studied with the aim of determining their antioxidant status, as well as the ability of an infusion of 23 medicinal plants, to counteract the damage caused by OS. The plasma, red blood cells (RBCs) and polymorphonuclear cells (PBMCs) of both groups were incubated or not with the horchata infusion extract and then the OS markers, genotoxicity, nanostructure of RBCs membrane and genes related to oxidative responses and cellular functionality were evaluated. Up to 33 different compounds, mainly quercetin glycosides, were identified in the extract. A significant deterioration in the antioxidant status in smokers compared to non-smokers was found. The horchata infusion extract improved the nanostructure of RBCs and DNA damage, as well as the activity of the endogenous antioxidant enzymes and markers of oxidative damage to lipid, and proteins in plasma, RBCs and PBMCs in both groups, whilst no significant changes were found in the expression of different genes related to OS response.

吸烟与氧化应激（OS）的增加有关，被认为是慢性非传染性疾病的诱发因素，而饮食中的抗氧化剂已被提出作为应对这种氧化应激的替代方法。在这项研究中，对20位吸烟者和20位非吸烟者进行了研究，目的是确定他们的抗氧化剂状态以及注入23种药用植物的能力，以抵消OS造成的损害。将两组的血浆，红细胞（RBC）和多形核细胞（PBMC）与horchata浸提液一起孵育或不孵育，然后评估OS标记，遗传毒性，RBC膜的纳米结构以及与氧化反应和细胞功能相关的基因。提取物中最多鉴定出33种不同的化合物，主要是槲皮素糖苷。与不吸烟者相比，吸烟者的抗氧化剂状态显着下降。horchata浸提液改善了RBCs的纳米结构和DNA损伤，改善了内源性抗氧化酶的活性和脂质氧化损伤标记物，以及血浆，RBCs和PBMCs中的蛋白质，两组均无明显变化。与OS反应相关的不同基因的表达。