Emerging of the COVID-19 pandemic has raised interests in the field of biology and pathogenesis of coronaviruses; including interactions between host immune reactions specific, and viral factors. Deep knowledge about the interaction between coronaviruses and the host factors could be useful to provide a better support for the disease sufferers and be advantageous for managing and treatment of the lung infection caused by the virus. At this study, we reviewed the updated information on the pathogenesis of the COVID-19 and the immune responses toward it, with a special focus on structure, genetics, and viral accessory proteins, viral replication, viral receptors, the human immune reactions, cytopathic effects, and host-related factors.

COVID-19 大流行的出现引起了人们对冠状病毒生物学和发病机制领域的兴趣；包括宿主免疫反应特异性和病毒因素之间的相互作用。深入了解冠状病毒与宿主因素之间的相互作用可能有助于为疾病患者提供更好的支持，并有利于管理和治疗由病毒引起的肺部感染。在本研究中，我们回顾了有关 COVID-19 发病机制及其免疫反应的最新信息，特别关注结构、遗传学和病毒辅助蛋白、病毒复制、病毒受体、人类免疫反应、细胞病变影响和宿主相关因素。