Existing adaptation planning processes are inadequate to address the impacts of flooding. The goal of the study is to design adaptation pathways for enhancing livelihood resilience of flood-affected households in Bangladesh—one of the most flood-vulnerable countries in the world. We developed adaptation pathways by using three sequential steps: (1) assessing livelihood resilience by constructing resilience indices; (2) determining adaptation options by employing principal component analysis (PCA) of resilience indicators; and (3) designing pathways of selected adaptation options by conducting key informant interviews (KIIs), and participatory workshops. Livelihood resilience was assessed based on an established framework that builds on 18 indicators representing three capacities (absorptive, adaptive and transformative) and six dimensions: social, institutional, economic, ecological, physical, and political. Using a structured questionnaire survey, we collected data from 360 households of 18 villages of 9 sub-districts in Bangladesh. Results revealed that about one-third of total households had capacities to reduce flood shocks and stresses and improve livelihood opportunities. Following a resilience assessment, we conducted PCA for determining adaptation options, namely learning, infrastructure, and governance. Through KIIs and stakeholder engagement workshops, pathways of selected adaptation options were designed. The adaptation pathways entail short-, medium-, and long-term adaptation options, which contribute to maintaining persistence, leading to the transition, and facilitating transformation. Essential issues of implementation of adaptation pathways were determined. Critical policy implications around strengthening governance, promoting economy, and managing technologies were outlined.

中文翻译：

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为孟加拉国受洪水影响的家庭设计适应途径

现有的适应规划过程不足以解决洪水的影响。该研究的目标是设计适应途径，以提高孟加拉国受洪水影响家庭的生计复原力，孟加拉国是世界上洪水最脆弱的国家之一。我们通过使用三个连续步骤开发了适应路径：(1) 通过构建复原力指数来评估生计复原力；(2) 通过使用弹性指标的主成分分析（PCA）来确定适应选项；(3) 通过进行关键知情人访谈 (KII) 和参与式研讨会来设计选定适应选项的途径。生计复原力的评估基于一个既定框架，该框架建立在代表三种能力（吸收性、适应性和变革性）和六个维度的 18 个指标之上：社会、制度、经济、生态、物质和政治。通过结构化问卷调查，我们收集了孟加拉国 9 个街道 18 个村的 360 户家庭的数据。结果显示，大约三分之一的家庭有能力减少洪水冲击和压力并改善生计机会。在进行弹性评估之后，我们进行了 PCA 以确定适应选项，即学习、基础设施和治理。通过 KII 和利益相关者参与研讨会，设计了选定适应选项的途径。适应途径包括短期、中期和长期适应选择，这有助于保持持久性、导致转型和促进转型。确定了实施适应途径的基本问题。