Macroscopic wear experiments in mid 1950s suggested an empirical wear relation: wear volume is linearly proportional to load and sliding distance. Recent asperity-level wear experiments and simulations reported a breakdown of this law at the nanoscale, posing the fundamental question: Is the macroscopic wear relation recoverable at the asperity level? Here we show that discrepant observations of wear relations can be reconciled into a unified framework. Using systematic long-timescale coarse-grained molecular dynamic wear simulations, we show that a linear adhesive wear law can be recovered at the single-asperity level only if the material removal is dominated by plastic deformation, confirming the longstanding Archard's theoretical hypothesis. Alternatively, the relation breaks down when cleavage fracture or thermally activated atomic detachment governs the loss of material at the asperity level.

1950年代中期的宏观磨损实验提出了经验磨损关系：磨损量与载荷和滑动距离成线性比例。最近的粗糙程度磨损实验和模拟报告了该规律在纳米级的分解，提出了一个基本问题：宏观磨损关系是否可以在粗糙程度下恢复？在这里，我们表明对磨损关系的不同观察可以调和成一个统一的框架。使用系统的长期尺度的粗粒度分子动态磨损模拟，我们表明，只有在材料去除受塑性变形控制的情况下，线性粘合剂磨损定律才能在单粗糙性水平上得到恢复，这证实了长期以来阿尔卡德的理论假设。或者，