Abstract The Northern Andes are the result of multiple tectonic phases, which include extensional and compressional volcanic arcs, strike-slip fragmentation, and accretion of exotic terranes. The alternations of these tectonic settings have overprinted and fragmented the geological record, which has hindered precise paleogeographic and tectonic reconstructions. In the western segment of the Colombian Andes, the oceanic-cored Western Cordillera (WC) and the continental Central Cordillera (CC) are separated by the Romeral Fault Zone (RFZ). This segment of the Andes preserves the record of Cretaceous back-arc extension, the onset of compression, and the accretion of the Caribbean plateau during the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene. To refine the tectonic evolution of the Western Colombian Andes, this study documents new detrital zircon fission-track (ZFT) data from the Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary cover in the CC, the RFZ, and the WC; new ZFT and zircon helium (ZHe) bedrock data from the CC and the RFZ; and new U–Pb detrital data from the Miocene sedimentary cover of the RFZ. Within the RFZ, we obtained bedrock ZFT ages of 239.0 ± 11.0 Ma and 111.1 ± 4.3 Ma, and detrital ZFT data from the Abejorral Formation are interpreted as the result of post-magmatic cooling and Cretaceous rifting. Late Cretaceous to Eocene ZFT and ZHe ages (∼61–50 Ma) in the CC and detrital ZFT data in the WC record exhumation and deformation of the CC during and after the collision of the Caribbean plateau with the continental margin. Finally, detrital U–Pb and ZFT data from the Amaga Formation record the formation of a Miocene intermountain basin. This study reconstructs the basin geometries and the deformation patterns before, during, and after the collision of the Caribbean plateau with the South American margin. We highlight that in accretionary orogens, in which prolonged deformation and erosion have removed the sedimentary cover, the quantification of differential basement exhumation is key to reconstruct thick-skin deformation and to define major tectonic boundaries.

中文翻译：

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基岩和碎屑锆石热年代学揭示增生构造块的挖掘历史：以哥伦比亚西部安第斯山脉为例

摘要 北安第斯山脉是多个构造阶段的结果，包括伸展和挤压火山弧、走滑破碎和外来地体的增生。这些构造环境的交替使地质记录重叠和破碎，阻碍了精确的古地理和构造重建。在哥伦比亚安第斯山脉的西段，以大洋为核心的西科迪勒拉 (WC) 和大陆中央科迪勒拉 (CC) 被罗默尔断层带 (RFZ) 隔开。安第斯山脉的这一部分保留了白垩纪晚期 - 古新世期间加勒比高原的白垩纪弧后伸展、压缩开始和增生的记录。为了完善哥伦比亚西部安第斯山脉的构造演化，本研究记录了来自 CC、RFZ 和 WC 中新生代沉积盖层的新碎屑锆石裂变径迹 (ZFT) 数据；来自 CC 和 RFZ 的新 ZFT 和锆石氦 (ZHe) 基岩数据；以及来自 RFZ 中新世沉积盖层的新 U-Pb 碎屑数据。在RFZ内，我们获得了239.0±11.0 Ma和111.1±4.3 Ma的基岩ZFT年龄，来自Abejorral组的碎屑ZFT数据被解释为后岩浆冷却和白垩纪裂谷的结果。CC 中晚白垩世至始新世 ZFT 和 ZHe 年龄（~61-50 Ma）和 WC 中的碎屑 ZFT 数据记录了加勒比高原与大陆边缘碰撞期间和之后 CC 的折返和变形。最后，来自 Amaga 组的碎屑 U-Pb 和 ZFT 数据记录了中新世山间盆地的形成。本研究重建了加勒比高原与南美边缘碰撞之前、之中和之后的盆地几何形状和变形模式。我们强调，在增生造山带中，长期的变形和侵蚀已经去除了沉积覆盖层，对不同的基底剥落进行量化是重建厚皮变形和定义主要构造边界的关键。