Background/Objective

The outbreak of COVID-19 and the lack of vaccine made extraordinary actions such as social distancing necessary. While some individuals experience the restrictions on daily life as a heavy burden, others adapt to the situation and try to make the best of it. The present longitudinal study investigated the extent and predictors of the burden induced by the outbreak of COVID-19 in Germany.

Method

Data were assessed in October 2019 using the DASS-21 and the PMH-Scale, and in March 2020 adding a six-item measure of burden and a 2-item rating of sense of control.

Results

In a sample of 436 participants, about 28% stayed in self-quarantine, 22 persons had relevant symptoms and one person was positively tested for COVID-19. Most participants experienced medium to high levels of burden but tried to make the best of it. Stress symptoms in 2019 predicted a higher level of burden and PMH predicted a lower level of burden in March 2020. Remarkably, depression and anxiety symptoms did not significantly predict burden. The protective effect of PMH and the negative impact of stress symptoms were mediated by perceived sense of control.

Conclusions

The results emphasize the protective effect of PMH in extraordinary situations such as the current outbreak of COVID-19.

中文翻译：

---

预测对冠状病毒 (COVID-19) 爆发的适应性和适应不良反应：一项前瞻性纵向研究。

背景/目标

COVID-19 的爆发和疫苗的缺乏使得采取非同寻常的行动（例如保持社交距离）成为必要。虽然有些人将日常生活的限制视为沉重的负担，但另一些人会适应这种情况并努力做到最好。本纵向研究调查了德国爆发 COVID-19 引起的负担的程度和预测因素。

方法

数据于 2019 年 10 月使用 DASS-21 和 PMH 量表进行评估，并于 2020 年 3 月增加了六项负担衡量标准和两项控制感评级。

结果

在 436 名参与者的样本中，约 28% 的人处于自我隔离状态，22 人出现相关症状，1 人的 COVID-19 检测呈阳性。大多数参与者都经历了中等到高水平的负担，但都试图充分利用它。2019 年的压力症状预示着更高的负担水平，而 PMH 预测 2020 年 3 月的更低水平的负担。值得注意的是，抑郁和焦虑症状并没有显着预测负担。PMH的保护作用和压力症状的负面影响由感知控制感介导。

结论

结果强调了 PMH 在特殊情况下的保护作用，例如当前的 COVID-19 爆发。